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Auto insurance basics—understanding your coverage

Anonymous — Mon, 28 Mar 2016 20:29:27 +0000

The basic personal auto insurance mandated by most U.S. states provides some financial protection if you or another driver using your car causes an accident that damages someone else’s car or property, injures someone or both.

But to make the best decisions about purchasing other types of auto insurance coverage you might need, you will want to understand what’s covered, what’s not covered and what’s optional. In addition to understanding types of coverage, you will also want to consider coverage amounts.

Why? Because state-required minimums may not cover the costs of a serious accident, so it’s worth considering purchasing higher levels of coverage.

Here’s a rundown of the types of coverage available. While some are required, others are optional. All are priced individually to let you customize coverage amounts to suit your exact needs and budget.

Mandatory coverage

Nearly all states and Washington, D.C., require vehicle owners to carry the following auto liability coverages:

Bodily Injury Liability — This covers costs associated with injuries and death that you or another driver causes while driving your car. This includes medical treatment, lost wages and legal defense expenses if you are sued for causing the accident.
Property Damage Liability — This coverage will reimburse others for damage that you or another driver operating your car causes to another vehicle or stationary objects, such as a building, fence or utility pole. This includes vehicle repair, repairs to the building or object you struck and legal defense expenses if you are sued for causing the damage.

Frequently required coverage

Medical Payments (MedPay) — MedPay covers medical and funeral expenses when a covered person — the policyholder, passengers or a member of the policyholder’s family — is hurt in an auto accident no matter who is responsible.
Personal Injury Protection (PIP) — Also known as no-fault insurance, PIP pays for medical bills, lost wages and other related expenses for you and your passengers after a car accident, regardless of who is at fault. This also includes funeral expenses.
Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Coverage — Reimburses you when an accident is caused by an uninsured motorist, including hit-and-runs. Underinsured motorist will cover costs when another driver lacks adequate coverage to pay the costs of a serious accident.

Even if these types of coverage are optional in your state, consider adding them to your policy for greater financial protection.

Optional coverages

While legally mandated auto liability insurance covers the cost of damages to other vehicles that you cause while driving, it does not cover damage to your own car. Optional collision and comprehensive coverages are typically part of a full-coverage policy.

Collision — This coverage reimburses you for damage to your car that occurs as a result of an at-fault collision with vehicle or stationary object, like a building, tree or utility pole. While collision coverage will not reimburse you for mechanical failure or normal wear-and-tear on your vehicle, it will cover damage from potholes and rollover accidents.
Comprehensive provides coverage against damage caused by an incident other than a collision, such as theft, vandalism, fire, flood, hail, falling rocks or trees, striking an animal and other hazards — even getting hit by an asteroid! Comprehensive policies also typically cover windshield repair and replacement, with some states having no deductible for this.
Glass Coverage provides supplemental coverage for windshield damage as well as side windows, rear windows and glass sunroofs.

Gap insurance

If you lease or finance your vehicle, auto dealers or leasing companies will likely require you to purchase collision and comprehensive. But keep in mind that collision and comprehensive only cover the market value of your car, not what you paid for it—and new cars depreciate quickly. If your car is totaled or stolen, there may be a “gap” between what you owe on the vehicle and your insurance coverage. To cover this, you may want to look into purchasing gap insurance to pay the difference.

Who is covered—and when?

Your auto policy will cover you and other family members on your policy, whether driving your insured car or someone else’s car with permission. Your policy also provides coverage if someone not on your policy is driving your car with your consent.

Your personal auto policy only covers personal driving, whether you are commuting to work, running errands or taking a road trip. Your personal auto policy, however, will not provide coverage if you use your car for commercial purposes—for instance, if you deliver pizzas or operate a delivery service.

Note, too, that personal auto insurance will generally not provide coverage if you use your vehicle to provide transportation to others through a ride-sharing service such as Uber or Lyft. Some auto insurers, however, offer supplemental insurance products (at additional cost) that extend coverage for vehicle owners providing ride-sharing services.

Learn More: Check out this handy infographic on the types of required and optional drivers insurance coverages.

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Facts + Statistics: Auto theft

Chris Bartlett — Mon, 11 Nov 2013 20:22:21 +0000

Key Facts

The National ��Ӱҵ Crime Bureau (NICB) reported less than 1 million vehicles were stolen in 2024 – a drop below the one million mark for the first time since 2021 and the largest decrease in stolen vehicles in the last 40 years. The 2024 figure is a 16.7 percent decrease from 2023.
According to NICB Vehicle Theft Trend Data:
- Kia and Hyundai vehicles experienced the highest theft rates in 2023, breaking the years-long trend of full-size pickups topping the list.
- If reported stolen in the first 24 hours, passenger vehicles had a 34 percent same-day recovery rate in 2023. More than 85 percent of stolen vehicles were recovered in 2023.

Motor Vehicle Theft

Motor Vehicle Theft, 2020-2024 (1)

Year	Estimated total vehicle thefts	Percent change
2020	880,595	9.9%
2021	932,329	5.9
2022	1,008,756	8.2
2023	1,020,729	1.2
2024	850,708	-16.7

(1) Law Enforcement Agencies may still be reporting thefts for 2024, and these numbers may change.

Source: National ��Ӱҵ Crime Bureau.

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Top 10 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas By Motor Vehicle Theft Rate, 2022

Rank	Metropolitan statistical area (1)	Theft rate (2)
1	Pueblo, CO	1,086.44
2	Bakersfield, CA	1,072.36
3	Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO	1,062.67
4	Memphis, TN-MS-AR	845.68
5	Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA	796.94
6	Albuquerque, NM	795.18
7	Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA	758.68
8	San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, CA	699.30
9	Greeley, CO	589.42
10	Kansas City, MO-KS	572.67

(1) Metropolitan Statistical Areas are designated by the federal Office of Management and Budget and usually include areas much larger than the cities for which they are named.
(2) Rate of vehicle thefts reported per 100,000 people based on U.S. Census Population Estimates.

Source: National ��Ӱҵ Crime Bureau.

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Top 10 States With The Most Number Of Motor Vehicle Thefts, 2022-2023 (1)

Rank	State	2023	2022	Percent change 2022-2023
1	California	208,668	202,685	3%
2	Texas	115,013	105,015	10
3	Florida	46,213	45,973	1
4	Washington	43,160	46,939	-8
5	Illinois	41,528	38,649	7
6	Colorado	34,068	42,237	-19
7	New York	32,715	28,292	16
8	Ohio	31,647	29,913	6
9	Georgia	28,171	26,529	6
10	Missouri	27,279	29,345	-7

(1) Law Enforcement Agencies may still be reporting thefts for 2023, and these numbers may change.

Source: National ��Ӱҵ Crime Bureau.

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Motor Vehicle Thefts By State, 2024 (1)

State	Motor vehicle theft incidents (2)	Percent of population covered by reporting law enforcement agencies (3)	State	Motor vehicle theft incidents (2)	Percent of population covered by reporting law enforcement agencies (3)
Alabama	9,171	99%	Montana	1,871	100%
Alaska	1,822	100	Nebraska	4,910	97
Arizona	18,690	99	Nevada	15,606	100
Arkansas	5,457	98	New Hampshire	910	100
California	153,048	100	New Jersey	15,231	97
Colorado	29,280	99	New Mexico	10,408	93
Connecticut	8,698	100	New York	29,942	92
Delaware	2,218	100	North Carolina	27,455	96
D.C.	5,579	100	North Dakota	1,489	100
Florida	19,788	78	Ohio	25,775	93
Georgia	23,564	92	Oklahoma	9,163	100
Hawaii	5,526	100	Oregon	12,426	98
Idaho	1,355	100	Pennsylvania	24,832	99
Illinois	36,298	94	Rhode Island	1,340	100
Indiana	14,230	87	South Carolina	11,869	100
Iowa	4,291	97	South Dakota	1,698	89
Kansas	7,524	96	Tennessee	24,412	100
Kentucky	10,643	100	Texas	103,844	99
Louisiana	8,529	81	Utah	4,204	96
Maine	1,134	99	Vermont	424	100
Maryland	25,962	100	Virginia	12,842	100
Massachusetts	7,355	100	Washington	34,633	99
Michigan	23,432	97	West Virginia	1,334	90
Minnesota	12,388	100	Wisconsin	9,676	97
Mississippi	2,804	64	Wyoming	592	90
Missouri	24,869	98

(1) Includes the District of Columbia. Does not include a total for the United States because data in this chart is compiled on a different basis than the national totals released by the FBI.
(2) Beginning in 2021, state totals comprise of incidents submitted by law enforcement agencies to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
(3) States have varying degrees of reporting data to the NIBRS. Percent of population covered shown.

Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime Data Explorer.

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Motorcycle Thefts, 2022

	Top five motorcycle makes stolen			Top three states by motorcycle thefts
Rank	Make	Thefts	Rank	State	Thefts
1	American Honda Motor Co., Inc.	10,631	1	California	9,838
2	Yamaha Motor Corporation	8,358	2	Florida	4,563
3	Harley Davidson, Inc.	6,333	3	Texas	4,145
4	Kawasaki Motors Corp., U.S.A.	6,260
5	American Suzuki Motor Corporation	4,886

Source: National ��Ӱҵ Crime Bureau.

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Most stolen vehicles

Top 10 Most Frequently Stolen Vehicles, 2023

	All model years (1)
Rank	Model	Thefts
1	Hyundai Elantra	48,445
2	Hyundai Sonata	42,813
3	Kia Optima	30,204
4	Chevrolet Silverado 1500	23,721
5	Kia Soul	21,001
6	Honda Accord	20,895
7	Honda Civic	19,858
8	Kia Forte	16,209
9	Ford F150 Series Pickup	15,852
10	Kia Sportage	15,749

(1) Includes all model years for each vehicle.

Source: National ��Ӱҵ Crime Bureau.

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Resources

Facts + Statistics: Wildfires

Chris Bartlett — Wed, 31 Jul 2013 20:16:42 +0000

Key Facts

According to federal data cited by the National Park Service, humans cause about 85 percent of all wildfires yearly in the United States.
The Annual 2022 Wildfires Report from the National Centers for Environmental Information indicates that over 7.5 million acres of wildland were consumed by fire that year.
According to the National Interagency Fire Center, California leads the country with the most wildfires and Oregon leads with the most acres burned. California-specific charts below on the Top 10 largest, most destructive, and deadliest wildfires.

Annual Number of Acres Burned in Wildland Fires, 1980-2024

annual_number_of_acres_burned_in_wildfires_1980-2024.jpg

*2004 fires and acres do not include state lands for North Carolina.

Source: National Interagency Fire Center.

View Archived Graphs

Wildfires By State, 2024

State	Number of fires	Number of acres burned
Alabama	1,525	20,978
Alaska	377	667,075
Arizona	2,191	282,989
Arkansas	1,219	25,444
California	8,316	1,081,144
Colorado	894	60,539
Connecticut	356	339
Delaware	23	137
District of Columbia	0	0
Florida	2,348	65,618
Georgia	2,492	11,896
Hawaii	90	452
Idaho	1,450	996,762
Illinois	47	441
Indiana	64	154
Iowa	362	3,965
Kansas	41	22,217
Kentucky	957	24,448
Louisiana	385	9,058
Maine	653	295
Maryland	174	965
Massachusetts	1,299	4,622
Michigan	447	2,062
Minnesota	1,123	15,125
Mississippi	1,800	55,880
Missouri	2,804	95,095
Montana	2,323	352,491
Nebraska	1,035	113,850
Nevada	929	70,410
New Hampshire	130	127
New Jersey	1,443	12,449
New Mexico	823	82,531
New York	125	6,496
North Carolina	4,668	18,233
North Dakota	935	173,237
Ohio	1,107	2,441
Oklahoma	3,041	383,592
Oregon	2,232	1,797,796
Pennsylvania	1,448	3,792
Puerto Rico	0	0
Rhode Island	73	75
South Carolina	50	634
South Dakota	675	35,809
Tennessee	596	7,771
Texas	4,967	1,314,903
Utah	1,211	90,417
Vermont	97	180
Virginia	742	56,372
Washington	1,806	275,593
West Virginia	1,104	55,309
Wisconsin	1,162	2,597
Wyoming	738	620,069
United States (1)	64,897	8,924,884

(1) Totals for the United States do not match totals shown elsewhere by the National Interagency Fire Center due to the use of different exhibits.

Source: National Interagency Fire Center.

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Homes At Risk For Extreme Wildfires, By State, 2025

Rank	State	Number of housing units
1	California	1,257,966
2	Colorado	318,783
3	Texas	243,136
4	Oregon	128,007
5	Arizona	123,906
6	New Mexico	117,875
7	Idaho	105,714
8	Montana	90,494
9	Utah	67,367
10	Washington	59,585
11	South Dakota	27,326
12	Nevada	21,744
13	Wyoming	16,243
14	Oklahoma	2,071

Source: Cotality®, a property data and analytics company.

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Top 10 States For Wildfires Ranked By Number Of Fires And By Number Of Acres Burned, 2024

Rank	State	Number of fires	Rank	State	Number of acres burned
1	California	8,316	1	Oregon	1,797,796
2	Texas	4,967	2	Texas	1,314,903
3	North Carolina	4,668	3	California	1,081,144
4	Oklahoma	3,041	4	Idaho	996,762
5	Missouri	2,804	5	Alaska	667,075
6	Georgia	2,492	6	Wyoming	620,069
7	Florida	2,348	7	Oklahoma	383,592
8	Montana	2,323	8	Montana	352,491
9	Oregon	2,232	9	Arizona	282,989
10	Arizona	2,191	10	Washington	275,593

Source: National Interagency Fire Center.

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Top 10 Costliest Wildland Fires In The United States (1)

($ millions)

			Estimated insured loss
Rank	Year	Name	Dollars when occurred	In 2025 dollars (2)
1	2025	Palisades Fire	$23,000	$23,000
2	2025	Eaton Fire	$17,500	$17,500
3	2018	Camp Fire	$10,000	$12,887
4	2017	Tubbs Fire	8,700	11,456
5	2018	Woolsey Fire	4,200	5,413
6	2023	Maui/Hawaii Wildfire	4,300	4,549
7	1991	Oakland Fire (Tunnel)	1,700	4,019
8	2017	Atlas Fire	3,000	3,950
9	2020	Glass Fire	2,950	3,681
10	2020	CZU Lightning Complex Fire	2,500	3,120

(1) Includes losses sustained by private insurers and government-sponsored programs such as the National Flood ��Ӱҵ Program. All fires on this list occurred in California unless otherwise noted. Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Subject to change as loss estimates are further developed. As of January 2026.
(2) Adjusted for inflation by Aon using the U.S. Consumer Price Index.

Source: Aon.

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Top 10 Largest California Wildfires (1)

Rank	Fire name (cause)	Date	County	Acres	Structures	Deaths
1	August Complex (Lightning)	August 2020	Mendocino, Humboldt, Trinity, Tehama, Glenn, Lake, & Colusa	1,032,648	935	1
2	Dixie (Powerlines)	July 2021	Butte, Plumas, Lassen, Shasta & Tehama	963,309	1,311	1
3	Mendocino Complex (Human Related)	July 2018	Colusa, Lake, Mendocino & Glenn	459,123	280	1
4	Park Fire (Arson)	July 2024	Butte, Plumas, Shasta & Tehama	429,603	709	0
5	SCU Lightning Complex (Lightning)	August 2020	Stanislaus, Santa Clara, Alameda, Contra Costa, & San Joaquin	396,625	225	0
6	Creek (Undetermined)	September 2020	Fresno & Madera	379,895	858	0
7	LNU Lightning Complex (Lightning/Arson)	August 2020	Napa, Solano, Sonoma, Yolo, Lake, & Colusa	363,220	1,491	6
8	North Complex (Lightning)	August 2020	Butte, Plumas & Yuba	318,935	2,352	15
9	Thomas (Powerlines)	December 2017	Ventura & Santa Barbara	281,893	1,060	2
10	Cedar (Human Related)	October 2003	San Diego	273,246	2,820	15

(1) As of October 2024.

Source: Calfire.

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Top 10 Most Destructive California Wildfires (1)

Rank	Fire name and cause	Date	County	Acres	Structures (2)	Deaths
1	Camp Fire (Powerlines)	November 2018	Butte	153,336	18,804	85
2	Eaton (3)	January 2025	Los Angeles	14,021	9,413	18
3	Palisades (3)	January 2025	Los Angeles	23,707	6,833	12
4	Tubbs (Electrical)	October 2017	Napa & Sonoma	36,807	5,636	22
5	Tunnel - Oakland Hills (Rekindle)	October 1991	Alameda	1,600	2,900	25
6	Cedar (Human related)	October 2003	San Diego	273,246	2,820	15
7	North Complex (Lightning)	August 2020	Butte, Plumas & Yuba	318,935	2,352	15
8	Valley (Electrical)	September 2015	Lake, Napa and Sonoma	76,067	1,958	4
9	Witch (Powerlines)	October 2007	San Diego	197,990	1,650	2
10	Woolsey (Electrical)	November 2018	Ventura	96,949	1,643	3

(1) As of April 2025.
(2) "Structures" include homes, outbuildings (barns, garages, sheds, etc) and commercial properties destroyed. This list does not include fire jurisdiction. These are the Top 20 regardless of whether they were state, federal, or local responsibility.
(3) Under investigation.

Source: Calfire.

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Top 10 Deadliest California Wildfires (1)

Rank	Fire Name and Cause	Date	County	Acres	Structures	Deaths
1	Camp Fire (Power lines)	November 2018	Butte	153,336	18,804	85
2	Griffith Park (Unknown)	October 1933	Los Angeles	47	0	29
3	Tunnel - Oakland Hills (Rekindle)	October 1991	Alameda	1,600	2,900	25
4	Tubbs (Electrical)	October 2017	Napa & Sonoma	36,807	5,643	22
5	Eaton (2)	January 2025	Los Angeles	14,021	9,413	18
6	North Complex (Lightning)	August 2020	Butte, Plumas & Yuba	318,935	2,352	15
7	Cedar (Human related)	October 2003	San Diego	273,246	2,820	15
8	Rattlesnake (Arson)	July 1953	Glenn	1,340	0	15
9	Palisades (2)	January 2025	Los Angeles	23,707	6,833	12
10	Loop (Unknown)	November 1966	Los Angeles	2,028	0	12

(1) As of April 2025.
(2) Under investigation.

Source: Calfire.

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Facts + Statistics: Uninsured motorists

Chris Bartlett — Wed, 31 Jul 2013 20:16:42 +0000

Uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage reimburses policyholders in an accident involving an uninsured, underinsured or hit-and-run driver. Twenty states and the District of Columbia have mandatory requirements for uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage. More than half of the states have passed laws and begun to develop and implement online auto insurance verification systems to identify uninsured motorists.

In 2023, 15.4 percent of motorists, or more than one in seven drivers, were uninsured, according to a 2025 Study by the ��Ӱҵ Research Council (IRC). From 2017 to 2023, most states saw increasing trends in UM (Uninsured Motorist) rates. The largest increases were in District of Columbia, New Jersey, and Missouri. The IRC measures the number of uninsured motorists based on insurance claims, using a ratio of insurance claims made by people who were injured by uninsured drivers relative to the claims made by people who were injured by insured drivers. In 2023, 15 states and the District of Columbia had uninsured motorist rates greater than the countrywide rate while 36 states had rates below the countrywide rate.

Estimated Percentage Of Uninsured Motorists, 2017-2023 (1)

Year	Percent
2017	12.4%
2018	12.1
2019	11.6
2020	14.3
2021	14.6
2022	15.2
2023	15.4

(1) Percentage of uninsured drivers, as measured by the ratio of uninsured motorists (UM) claims to bodily injury (BI) claim frequencies.

Source: ��Ӱҵ Research Council.

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Top 10 Highest And Lowest States By Estimated Percentage Of Uninsured Motorists, 2023 (1)

	Highest			Lowest
Rank (2)	State	Percent uninsured	Rank (2)	State	Percent uninsured
1	Mississippi	28.2%	1	Maine	5.7%
2	New Mexico	24.1	2	Utah	6.2
3	D.C.	23.1	3	Idaho	6.4
4	Michigan	22.3	4	Wyoming	6.7
5	Tennessee	21.3	5	Montana	7.2
6	Missouri	20.7	6	West Virginia	7.8
7	Florida (3)	20.6	7	Massachusetts	7.9
8	California	20.4	8	New York	8.6
9	Colorado	19.7	9	South Dakota	9.4
10	Washington	19.1	10	Nebraska	9.5

(1) Percentage of uninsured drivers, as measured by the ratio of uninsured motorists (UM) claims to bodily injury (BI) claim frequencies.
(2) Rank calculated from unrounded data.
(3) In Florida, compulsory auto laws apply to personal injury protection (PIP) and physical damage, but not to third party bodily injury coverage.

Source: ��Ӱҵ Research Council.

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Estimated Percentage of Uninsured Motorists by State, 2023 (1)

State	Uninsured	Rank (2)	State	Uninsured	Rank (2)
Alabama	16.8%	15	Montana	7.2%	47
Alaska	12.5	24	Nebraska	9.5	42
Arizona	10.6	37	Nevada	11.1	35
Arkansas	12.1	26	New Hampshire	10.0	40
California	20.4	8	New Jersey	14.1	20
Colorado	19.7	9	New Mexico	24.1	2
Connecticut	11.8	29	New York	8.6	44
Delaware	17.6	13	North Carolina	11.8	29
D.C.		3	North Dakota	10.6	37
Florida (3)	20.6	7	Ohio	18.5	12
Georgia	19.0	11	Oklahoma	12.0	27
Hawaii	9.6	41	Oregon	14.7	18
Idaho	6.4	49	Pennsylvania	11.0	36
Illinois	15.2	17	Rhode Island	12.4	25
Indiana	14.0	22	South Carolina	10.3	39
Iowa	11.4	33	South Dakota	9.4	43
Kansas	12.0	27	Tennessee	21.3	5
Kentucky	14.1	20	Texas	14.5	19
Louisiana	11.7	32	Utah	6.2	50
Maine	5.7	51	Vermont	11.8	29
Maryland	16.9	14	Virginia	12.9	23
Massachusetts	7.9	45	Washington	19.1	10
Michigan	22.3	4	West Virginia	7.8	46
Minnesota	11.3	34	Wisconsin	15.6	16
Mississippi	28.2	1	Wyoming	6.7	48
Missouri	20.7	6

(1) Percentage of uninsured drivers, as measured by the ratio of uninsured motorists (UM) claims to bodily injury (BI) claims frequencies.
(2) Rank calculated from unrounded data.
(3) In Florida, compulsory auto laws apply to personal injury protection (PIP) and physical damage, but not to third party bodily injury coverage.

Source: ��Ӱҵ Research Council.

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Automobile Financial Responsibility Limits By State

(As of December 2023)

State	��Ӱҵ required	Minimum liability limits (1)
Alabama	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Alaska	BI & PD Liability	50/100/25
Arizona	BI & PD Liability	25/50/15
Arkansas	BI & PD Liability, PIP	25/50/25
California	BI & PD Liability	15/30/5 (2)
Colorado	BI & PD Liability	25/50/15
Connecticut	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	25/50/25
Delaware	BI & PD Liability, PIP	25/50/10
DC	BI & PD Liability, UM	25/50/10
Florida	PD Liability, PIP	10/20/10
Georgia	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Hawaii	BI & PD Liability, PIP	20/40/10
Idaho	BI & PD Liability	25/50/15
Illinois	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	25/50/20
Indiana	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Iowa	BI & PD Liability	20/40/15
Kansas	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	25/50/15
Kentucky	BI & PD Liability, PIP	25/50/25 (3)
Louisiana	BI & PD Liability	15/30/25
Maine	BI & PD Liability, MED, UM, UIM	50/100/25 (3)
Maryland	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	30/60/15 (3)
Massachusetts	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM	20/40/5
Michigan	BI & PD Liability, PIP	250/500/10 (4)
Minnesota	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	30/60/10
Mississippi	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Missouri	BI & PD Liability, UM	25/50/25
Montana	BI & PD Liability	25/50/20
Nebraska	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	25/50/25
Nevada	BI & PD Liability	25/50/20
New Hampshire	FR Only	25/50/25
New Jersey	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	25/50/25 (5)
New Mexico	BI & PD Liability	25/50/10
New York	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	25/50/10 (6)
North Carolina	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	30/60/25
North Dakota	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	25/50/25
Ohio	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Oklahoma	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Oregon	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	25/50/20
Pennsylvania	BI & PD Liability, PIP	15/30/5
Rhode Island	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25 (3)
South Carolina	BI & PD Liability, UM	25/50/25
South Dakota	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	25/50/25
Tennessee	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Texas	BI & PD Liability	30/60/25
Utah	BI & PD Liability, PIP	25/65/15 (3)
Vermont	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	25/50/10
Virginia	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	30/60/20 (7)
Washington	BI & PD Liability	25/50/10
West Virginia	BI & PD Liability, UM	25/50/25
Wisconsin	BI & PD Liability, UM	25/50/10
Wyoming	BI & PD Liability	25/50/20

(1) The first two numbers refer to bodily injury (BI) liability limits and the third number to property damage (PD) liability. For example, 20/40/10 means coverage up to $40,000 for all persons injured in an accident, subject to a limit of $20,000 for one individual, and $10,000 coverage for property damage.
(2) Low-cost policy limits for low-income drivers in the California Automobile Assigned Risk Plan are 10/20/3.
(3) Instead of policy limits, policyholders can satisfy the requirement with a combined single limit policy. Amounts vary by state.
(4) Lower limits available only with state director approval.
(5) Basic policy (optional) limits are 10/10/5. Uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage not available under the basic policy but uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage is required under the standard policy. Special Automobile ��Ӱҵ Policy available for certain drivers which only covers emergency treatment and a $10,000 death benefit.
(6) In addition, policyholders must have 50/100 for wrongful death coverage.
(7) Compulsory to buy insurance or pay an uninsured motorists vehicle (UMV) fee to the state department of motor vehicles.

Note: State laws regarding mandatory requirements for uninsured and underinsured motorists vary. State departments of insurance should be consulted to determine whether these coverages are compulsory.

Source: State departments of insurance, Excerpted from Automobile Financial Responsibility Laws and Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist and Umbrella Coverage Requirements, property of American Property Casualty Insurers Association.

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Facts + Statistics: Tornadoes and thunderstorms

Chris Bartlett — Wed, 31 Jul 2013 20:16:42 +0000

Facts & Statistics: Tornadoes

Convective storms

Convective storms result from warm, moist air rising from the earth, and depending on atmospheric conditions, may develop into tornadoes, hail, thunderstorms with lightning, or straight-line winds. Convective storms are the most common and damaging natural catastrophes in the United States, according to Triple-I’s May 2020 white paper, Severe convective storms: Evolving risks call for innovation to reduce costs, drive resilience.

Tornadoes

A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm and comes into contact with the ground, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In an average year, about 1,000 tornadoes are reported nationwide, according to NOAA. Tornado intensity is measured by the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. The scale rates tornadoes on a scale of 0 through 5, based on the amount and type of wind damage. It incorporates 28 different damage indicators, based on damage to a wide variety of structures ranging from trees to shopping malls.

The Fujita Scale For Tornadoes

		Original F scale (1)	Enhanced F scale (2)
Category	Damage	Wind speed (mph)	3-second gust (mph)
F-0	Light	40-72	65-85
F-1	Moderate	73-112	86-110
F-2	Considerable	113-157	111-135
F-3	Severe	158-207	136-165
F-4	Devastating	208-260	166-200
F-5	Incredible	261-318	Over 200

(1) Original scale: wind speeds represent fastest estimated speeds over one quarter of a mile.
(2) Enhanced scale: wind speeds represent maximum 3-second gusts.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

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Top 10 Costliest U.S. Catastrophes Involving Tornadoes (1)

($ millions)

				Estimated insured loss
Rank	Date	Event	Location	Dollars when occurred	In 2025 dollars (2)
1	Aug. 8-12, 2020	Midwest Derecho	IA, IL, IN, KS, MI, MN, MO, NE, OH, SD, WI, PA, DC, MD, VA, WV	$9,200	$11,481
2	Apr. 22-28, 2011	Tornado Outbreak	AL, AR, GA, IL, KY, LA, MO, MS, OH, OK, TN, TX, VA	7,560	10,918
3	May 21-27, 2011	Joplin, MO Tornado	AR, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MI, MN, MO, NC, NE, NY, OH, OK, PA, TN, TX, VA, WI	7,000	10,062
4	Mar. 14-16, 2025	SCS Outbreak	AL, AR, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MI, MS, MO, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, TN, TX, VA, WI	8,000	8,000
5	May 14-16, 2025	Tornado & SCS Outbreak	IL, IN, KY, MD, MI, MO, OH, TX, VA, WI, NC, PA	6,000	6,000
6	May 2-11, 2003	SCS Outbreak	AL, AR, CO, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MO, MS, NC, NE, OH, OK, SC, SD, TN	3,300	5,841
7	May 6-10, 2024	SCS Outbreak	OK, TX, MO, MI, TN, SC, NC, LA, AL, MS, GA, FL, AR, CO, IL, IN, KS, KY, OH, WI	5,200	5,378
8	Mar. 1-3, 2023	SCS Outbreak	AL, AR, GA, IN, KY, MS, OH, PA, TN, VA	4,900	5,273
9	Mar. 12-16, 2024	SCS Outbreak	IL, IN, KS, KY, MS, OH, OK, TX, MO, AR	4,800	4,992
10	Jun. 21-26, 2023	SCS Outbreak	AR, CO, GA, IN, IA, KY, MD, MI, NE, NJ, NY, NC, PA, TN, TX, VA, WY	4,650	4,950

(1) Defined by Aon as severe convective storms (SCS) including insured thunderstorm events and may include tornado, hail, damaging straight-line winds (derechos) and flash flood impacts from events. Subject to change as loss estimates are further developed. As of January 2026.
(2) Adjusted for inflation by Aon using the U.S. Consumer Price Index.

Source: Aon.

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Top 10 States, By Number Of Tornadoes, 2025 (1)

Rank	State	Number of tornadoes (2)	Fatalities
1	Texas	162	0
2	Illinois	147	0
2	Missouri	120	17
4	Mississippi	111	8
5	Alabama	72	3
5	North Dakota	72	3
7	Indiana	67	1
8	Oklahoma	66	1
9	Arkansas	61	3
10	Minnesota	56	0

(1) Numbers include preliminary estimates as of January 2026.
(2) Tornadoes that cross state lines are counted in every state in which they touch down.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Storm Prediction Center, National Weather Service.

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Tornadoes And Related Deaths By State, 2025 (1)

State	Tornadoes	Fatalities	Rank (2)	State	Tornadoes	Fatalities	Rank (2)
Alabama	72	3	5	Montana	6	0	33
Alaska	0	0	(3)	Nebraska	56	0	10
Arizona	6	0	33	Nevada	1	0	41
Arkansas	61	3	9	New Hampshire	0	0	(3)
California	8	0	27	New Jersey	3	0	37
Colorado	38	0	16	New Mexico	21	0	24
Connecticut	0	0	(3)	New York	7	3	30
Delaware	2	0	38	North Carolina	15	0	26
D.C.	0	0	(3)	North Dakota	72	3	5
Florida	25	0	22	Ohio	27	0	21
Georgia	38	0	16	Oklahoma	66	1	8
Hawaii	0	0	(3)	Oregon	2	0	38
Idaho	2	0	38	Pennsylvania	23	0	23
Illinois	147	0	2	Puerto Rico	0	0	(3)
Indiana	67	1	7	Rhode Island	0	0	(3)
Iowa	36	0	19	South Carolina	8	0	27
Kansas	45	0	13	South Dakota	20	0	25
Kentucky	53	19	12	Tennessee	41	9	14
Louisiana	41	0	14	Texas	162	0	1
Maine	0	0	(3)	Utah	7	0	30
Maryland	7	0	30	Vermont	0	0	(3)
Massachusetts	4	0	36	Virginia	6	0	33
Michigan	31	0	20	Washington	0	0	(3)
Minnesota	56	0	10	West Virginia	0	0	(3)
Mississippi	111	8	4	Wisconsin	38	0	16
Missouri	120	17	3	Wyoming	8	0	27
				United States (4)	1,559	67

(1) Numbers include preliminary estimates as of January 2026. Ranked by total number of tornadoes.
(2) States with the same number of tornadoes receive the same ranking.
(3) State had no tornadoes in 2025.
(4) The U.S. total will not match data used in other charts because it counts tornadoes that cross state lines.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Storm Prediction Center, National Weather Service.

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Tornadoes And Related Deaths In The United States, 2006-2025 (1)

Year	Tornadoes	Deaths	Year	Tornadoes	Deaths
2006	1,104	67	2016	977	18
2007	1,099	81	2017	1,430	35
2008	1,692	126	2018	1,126	10
2009	1,157	21	2019	1,520	42
2010	1,282	45	2020	1,082	76
2011	1,692	553	2021	1,314	103
2012	939	70	2022	1,144	23
2013	907	55	2023	1,297	83
2014	886	47	2024	1,811	54
2015	1,177	36	2025	1,559	67

(1) Numbers include actuals through June and preliminary estimates for July through December as of February 2026. Tornadoes that cross state lines are counted as a single event in this chart.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Storm Prediction Center, National Weather Service.

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U.S. Tornado Count, 2025

us_torn_count_25.jpg

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service.

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Facts + Statistics: Homeowners and renters insurance

Chris Bartlett — Wed, 31 Jul 2013 20:16:42 +0000

Homeowners insurance premiums

The average homeowners insurance premium rose by 11.2 percent in 2022 from 2021, according to a May 2025 study by the National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners, the latest data available. The average renters insurance premium rose by 0.6 percent in 2022 breaking seven consecutive annual declines.

Home inventories

According to a 2023 Triple-I/Munich Re Consumer Survey, 47 percent of homeowners said they prepared an inventory of their possessions to help document losses for their insurers.

Causes of homeowners insurance losses

In 2023, 5.3 percent of insured homes had a claim, according to ISO. Property damage, including theft, accounted for 97.3 percent of homeowners insurance claims in 2023 (latest data available). Changes in the percentage of each type of homeowners loss from one year to another are partially influenced by large fluctuations in the number and severity of weather-related events such as hurricanes and winter storms. There are two ways of looking at losses: by the average number of claims filed per 100 policies (frequency) and by the average amount paid for each claim (severity). The loss category “water damage and freezing” includes damage caused by mold, if covered.

Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Losses, 2019-2023 (1)

Year	Claim frequency (2)	Claim severity (3)	Year	Claim frequency (2)	Claim severity (3)
2019	5.37	$13,884	2022	5.81	$19,740
2020	6.37	14,864	2023	5.33	20,062
2021	5.34	16,601	Average (4)	5.64	$17,059

(1) For homeowners multiple peril policies (HO-2, HO-3, HO-5 and HE-7 for North Carolina). Excludes tenants and condominium policies. Excludes Alaska, Texas and Puerto Rico.
(2) Claims per 100 house-years (policies). One house-year represents policy coverage on a dwelling for 12 months.
(3) Average amount paid per claim; based on accident year incurred losses, excluding loss adjustment expenses, i.e., indemnity costs per accident year incurred claims.
(4) Weighted average, 2019-2023.

Source: ISO®, a Verisk Analytics® business.

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In 2023, 5.3 percent of insured homes experienced a claim, compared with 6.4 percent in 2020.

Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Losses By Cause, 2019-2023 (1)

(Percent of losses incurred)

Cause of loss	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Property damage (2)	96.2%	96.7%	96.3%	97.0%	97.3%
Wind and hail	38.1	47.7	38.9	45.4	42.5
Water damage and freezing	28.7	19.8	23.7	25.8	22.6
Fire and lightning	21.2	21.2	22.8	18.7	21.6
Theft	1.0	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6
All other property damage (3)	7.1	7.4	10.1	6.5	10.0
Liability (4)	3.3%	2.9%	3.4%	2.6%	2.1%
Bodily injury and property damage	3.0	2.6	3.0	2.3	1.7
Medical payments and other	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Credit card and other (5)	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.6
Total	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%

(1) For homeowners multiple peril policies (HO-2, HO-3, HO-5 and HE-7 for North Carolina). Excludes tenants and condominium owners policies. Excludes Alaska, Texas and Puerto Rico.
(2) First party, i.e., covers damage to policyholder's own property.
(3) Includes vandalism and malicious mischief.
(4) Payments to others for which policyholder is responsible.
(5) Includes coverage for unauthorized use of various cards, forgery, counterfeit money and losses not otherwise classified.

Source: ISO®, a Verisk Analytics® business.

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Average Homeowners Losses, 2019-2023 (1)

(Weighted average, 2019-2023)

Cause of loss	Claim frequency (2)	Claim severity (3)
Property damage (4)	5.53	$16,857
Fire and lightning	0.23	88,170
Water damage and freezing	1.50	15,400
Wind and hail	2.80	14,747
Theft	0.12	5,524
All other (5)	0.88	9,043
Liability (6)	0.09	$29,880
Bodily injury and property damage	0.06	37,174
Medical payments and other	0.03	11,886
Credit card and other (7)	0.03	$16,080
Average (property damage and liability), 2019-2023	5.64	$17,059

(1) For homeowners multiple peril policies (HO-2, HO-3, HO-5 and HE-7 for North Carolina). Excludes tenants and condominium owners policies. Excludes Alaska, Texas and Puerto Rico.
(2) Claims per 100 house years (policies).
(3) Accident year incurred losses, excluding loss adjustment expenses, i.e., indemnity costs per accident year incurred claims.
(4) First party, i.e., covers damage to policyholder's own property.
(5) Includes vandalism and malicious mischief.
(6) Payments to others for which policyholder is responsible.
(7) Includes coverage for unauthorized use of various cards, forgery, counterfeit money and losses not otherwise classified.
(8) Less than 0.01.
(9) Claim severity for credit card and other is significantly lower than was shown in previous years due to a change in the companies surveyed to produce the data. The new selection of companies use different exclusions which have been applied throughout the five years used in this chart.

Source: ISO®, a Verisk Analytics® business.

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In the five-year period, 2019-2023, 5.6 percent of insured homes had a claim. Wind and hail accounted for the largest share of claims, with 2.8 percent of insured homes having such a loss, followed by water damage and freezing with 1.5 percent of homes having a loss.

Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Non-Catastrophe Fire Losses, Severity And Frequency, 2020-2024 (1)

Year	Claim frequency (2)	Claim severity (3)	Year	Claim frequency (2)	Claim severity (3)
2020	0.15	$99,613	2023	0.14	144,328
2021	0.15	115,785	2024	0.13	173,111
2022	0.16	127,316	Average (4)	0.14	$130,752

Source: ISO, a Verisk Analytics business.

Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Claims Frequency*

Each year,

About one in 18 insured homes has a claim.
About one in 36 insured homes has a property damage claim related to wind or hail.
About one in 67 insured homes has a property damage claim caused by water damage or freezing.
About one in 430 insured homes has a property damage claim related to fire and lightning.
About one in 850 insured homes has a property damage claim due to theft.
About one in 1,150 homeowners policies has a liability claim related to the cost of lawsuits for bodily injury or property damage that the policyholder or family members cause to others.

*��Ӱҵ Information Institute calculations, based on ISO®, a Verisk Analytics® business, data for homeowners insurance claims from 2019-2023 (see table above).

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Consumer prices

To shed light on inflation, the Bureau of Labor Statistics maintains a consumer price index (CPI) which tracks monthly and annual changes in the average prices paid by urban consumers for a representative basket of goods and services. The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) represents data for 93 percent of the U.S. population not living in remote rural areas, institutions, or on military bases. The CPI-U rose 2.6 percent in 2025. The cost of motor vehicle insurance for these consumers increased 6.0 percent in 2025.

Consumer Price Indices For ��Ӱҵ And Related Items And Annual Rates Of Change, 2015-2024 (Cont'd)

(Base: 1982-84=100)

	Used cars and trucks		Tenants and household insurance (3), (5)		Repair of household items (3), (6)		Legal services (4)		Existing single- family homes
Year	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change	Median price ($000)	Percent change
2016	143.5	-2.5%	147.7	0.9%	226.3	2.8%	334.5	3.4%	235.5	5.2%
2017	138.3	-3.6	148.8	0.7	239.3	5.8	346.4	3.6	248.8	5.6
2018	138.4	0.1	150.7	1.3	253.7	6.0	361.2	4.3	261.6	5.1
2019	139.8	1.0	151.8	0.7	268.7	5.9	364.8	1.0	274.6	5.0
2020	144.2	3.2	151.1	-0.5	270.0	0.5	368.7	1.1	300.2	9.3
2021	182.6	26.6	150.7	-0.3	0.0	0.0	374.4	1.5	357.1	19.0
2022	205.9	12.7	150.5	-0.1	NA	NA	399.4	6.7	392.8	10.0
2023	191.2	-7.1	153.3	1.8	352.6	NA	432.9	8.4	394.1	0.3
2024	179.8	-6.0	158.3	3.3	NA	NA	NA	NA	412.5	4.7
2025	185.0	0.0	165.7	4.7	NA	NA	NA	NA	419.5	1.7
Percent change 2016-2025		28.9%		12.1%		NA		NA		78.1%

(1) December 1996=100.
(2) December 1983=100.
(3) December 1997=100.
(4) December 1986=100.
(5) Only includes insurance covering rental properties.
(6) Includes appliances, reupholstery and inside home maintenance.

NA = Data not available

Note: Percent changes are calculated from unrounded data.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; Copyright ©2026 “December Existing Home Sales.” NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS®. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission. February 12, 2026, Reprinted with permission. February 12, 2026, https://www.nar.realtor/sites/default/files/2025-01/ehs-12-2024-summary-2025-01-24.pdf.

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Premiums for homeowners and renters insurance

Average Premiums For Homeowners And Renters ��Ӱҵ, 2013-2022 (1)

Year	Homeowners (2)	Percent change	Renters (3)	Percent change
2013	$1,096	6.0%	$188	0.5%
2014	1,132	3.3	190	1.1
2015	1,173	3.6	188	-1.1
2016	1,192	1.6	185	-1.6
2017	1,211	1.6	180	-2.7
2018	1,249	3.1	179	-0.6
2019	1,272	1.8	174	-2.8
2020	1,311	3.1	173	-0.6
2021	1,411	7.6	170	-1.7
2022	1,569	11.2	171	0.6

Source: National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (NAIC). Further reprint or distribution strictly prohibited without written permission of NAIC.

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Average Premiums For Homeowners And Renters ��Ӱҵ By State, 2022 (1)

	Homeowners		Renters			Homeowners		Renters
State	Average premium (2)	Rank (3)	Average premium (4)	Rank (3)	State	Average premium (2)	Rank (3)	Average premium (4)	Rank (3)
Alabama	$1,748	13	$219	3	Montana	$1,639	17	$156	31
Alaska	1,129	38	186	9	Nebraska	1,869	9	144	45
Arizona	1,018	45	163	25	Nevada	948	49	174	16
Arkansas	1,740	14	205	5	New Hampshire	1,188	36	150	40
California (5)	1,492	23	169	22	New Jersey	1,417	26	151	37
Colorado	2,079	5	158	30	New Mexico	1,322	33	177	14
Connecticut	1,814	10	175	15	New York	1,628	18	169	22
Delaware	1,103	42	147	41	North Carolina	1,621	19	170	21
D.C.	1,384	28	153	35	North Dakota	1,325	32	123	51
Florida	2,677	1	181	11	Ohio	995	47	160	27
Georgia	1,655	16	205	5	Oklahoma	2,268	4	216	4
Hawaii	1,431	25	174	16	Oregon	893	51	155	32
Idaho	1,002	46	147	41	Pennsylvania	1,120	39	151	37
Illinois	1,343	30	151	37	Rhode Island	2,074	6	181	11
Indiana	1,191	35	168	24	South Carolina	1,571	22	186	9
Iowa	1,268	34	144	45	South Dakota	1,756	12	129	50
Kansas	1,583	21	159	28	Tennessee	1,492	23	187	8
Kentucky	1,359	29	159	28	Texas (6)	2,397	3	199	7
Louisiana	2,603	2	243	2	Utah	937	50	145	43
Maine	1,077	43	145	43	Vermont	1,109	41	154	34
Maryland	1,392	27	155	32	Virginia	1,332	31	152	36
Massachusetts	1,871	8	173	18	Washington	1,151	37	162	26
Michigan	1,056	44	180	13	West Virginia	1,113	40	173	18
Minnesota	1,774	11	135	49	Wisconsin	957	48	141	48
Mississippi	1,907	7	262	1	Wyoming	1,596	20	142	47
Missouri	1,668	15	173	18	United States	$1,569		$171

(1) Includes state funds, residual markets and some wind pools.
(2) Based on the HO-3 homeowner package policy for owner-occupied dwellings, 1 to 4 family units. Provides all risks coverage (except those specifically excluded in the policy) on buildings and broad named-peril coverage on personal property, and is the most common package written.
(3) Ranked from highest to lowest. States with the same premium receive the same rank.
(4) Based on the HO-4 renters insurance policy for tenants. Includes broad named-peril coverage for the personal property of tenants.
(5) Data provided by the California Department of ��Ӱҵ.
(6) Texas data were obtained from the Texas Department of ��Ӱҵ.

Note: Average premium=Premiums/exposure per house years. A house year is equal to 365 days of insured coverage for a single dwelling. The NAIC does not rank state average premiums and does not endorse any conclusions drawn from this data.

Source: National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (NAIC). Further reprint or distribution strictly prohibited without written permission of NAIC.

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Top 10 Most Expensive And Least Expensive States For Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Premiums, 2022 (1)

Rank (2)	Most expensive states	Average premium (3)	Rank (2)	Least expensive states	Average premium (3)
1	Florida	$2,677	1	Oregon	$893
2	Louisiana	2,603	2	Utah	937
3	Texas (4)	2,397	3	Nevada	948
4	Oklahoma	2,268	4	Wisconsin	957
5	Colorado	2,079	5	Ohio	995
6	Rhode Island	2,074	6	Idaho	1,002
7	Mississippi	1,907	7	Arizona	1,018
8	Massachusetts	1,871	8	Michigan	1,056
9	Nebraska	1,869	9	Maine	1,077
10	Connecticut	1,814	10	Delaware	1,103

(1) Includes state funds, residual markets and some wind pools.
(2) Based on the HO-3 homeowner package policy for owner-occupied dwellings, 1 to 4 family units. Provides all risks coverage (except those specifically excluded in the policy) on buildings and broad named-peril coverage on personal property, and is the most common package written.
(3) Ranked from highest to lowest. States with the same premium receive the same rank.
(4) Texas data were obtained from the Texas Department of ��Ӱҵ.

Source: National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (NAIC). Further reprint or distribution strictly prohibited without written permission of NAIC.

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Top 10 Writers Of Homeowners ��Ӱҵ By Direct Premiums Written, 2024

($000)

Rank	Group/company	Direct premiums written (1)	Market share (2)
1	State Farm	$31,461,022	18.2%
2	Allstate Corp.	15,489,753	9.0
3	USAA ��Ӱҵ Group	11,902,997	6.9
4	Liberty Mutual	10,610,141	6.1
5	Farmers ��Ӱҵ Group of Companies	9,516,235	5.5
6	American Family ��Ӱҵ Group	8,618,179	5.0
7	Travelers Companies Inc.	8,153,827	4.7
8	Chubb Ltd.	4,389,291	2.5
9	Nationwide Mutual Group	3,726,471	2.2
10	Auto-Owners ��Ӱҵ	3,331,923	1.9

(1) Before reinsurance transactions, includes state funds.
(2) Based on U.S. total, excluding territories.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, ��Ӱҵ Information Institute.

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Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Industry Underwriting Expenses, 2024 (1)

Expense	Percent of premiums
Losses and related expenses (2)
Loss and loss adjustment expense (LAE) ratio	73.4%
Incurred losses	65.2
Defense and cost containment expenses incurred	1.5
Adjusting and other expenses incurred	6.6
Operating expenses (3)
Expense ratio	26.0%
Net commissions and brokerage expenses incurred	11.6
Taxes, licenses and fees	2.7
Other acquisition and field supervision expenses incurred	6.5
General expenses incurred	5.1
Dividends to policyholders (2)	0.4%
Combined ratio after dividends (4)	99.7%

(1) After reinsurance transactions.
(2) As a percent of net premiums earned ($135.6 billion in 2024).
(3) As a percent of net premiums written ($145.7 billion in 2024).
(4) Sum of loss and LAE, expense and dividends ratios. Calculated from unrounded data.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, ��Ӱҵ Information Institute.

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Home injuries

In 2023, 35.2 million Americans experienced an unintentional injury in the home that required aid from a medical professional, according to an analysis by the National Safety Council (NSC). There were 125,700 deaths from this type of injury in 2023, down 2.4 percent from 2022. The overall death rate lowered to 37.5 deaths per 100,000 people in 2023, an increase from 28 deaths per 100,000 people in 1912. Poisonings and falls are driving the boom, making up a combined 86.7 percent of unintentional injury deaths

Unintentional Home Deaths And Injuries, 2023

Deaths	125,700
Medically consulted injuries	35,200,000
Death rate per 100,000 population	37.5

Source: National Safety Council estimates based on data from National Center for Health Statistics and state vital statistics departments.

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High-risk markets

A myriad of different programs across the United States provide insurance to owners of property in high-risk areas who may have difficulty obtaining coverage from the standard insurance market. Residual, shared or involuntary market programs make basic insurance coverage more readily available. Today, property insurance for the residual market is provided by Fair Access to ��Ӱҵ Requirements (FAIR) plans, beach and windstorm plans, and two state-run insurance companies in Florida and Louisiana: Florida’s Citizens Property ��Ӱҵ Corp. and Louisiana’s Citizens Property ��Ӱҵ Corp. Established in the late 1960s to ensure the continued provision of insurance in urban areas, FAIR plans often provide property insurance in both urban and coastal areas. Beach and windstorm plans cover predominantly wind-only risks in designated coastal areas. Over the past four decades FAIR and beach and windstorm plans experienced explosive growth both in the number of policies and in exposure value.

��Ӱҵ Provided By FAIR Plans, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 (1)

	Number of policies
State	Habitational	Commercial	Total	Exposure (2) ($000)	Direct premiums written ($000)
2015	1,728,423	51,443	1,779,866	$373,829,442	$2,198,182
2016	1,498,430	37,522	1,535,952	343,141,990	1,865,744
2017	1,449,312	29,641	1,478,953	327,209,703	1,747,336
2018	1,339,004	24,484	1,363,488	324,765,281	1,694,115
2019	1,370,999	25,776	1,396,775	350,545,986	1,506,609
2020	1,474,616	22,645	1,497,261	424,815,716	2,196,042
2021	1,729,208	24,352	1,753,560	556,808,169	3,012,193
2022	2,244,317	35,059	2,279,376	837,330,722	4,951,815
2023	2,657,457	47,593	2,705,050	1,068,082,544	7,379,977
2024	2,630,055	54,870	2,684,925	1,100,712,246	7,648,762

(1) Includes the Texas FAIR Plan; Florida’s Citizens Property ��Ӱҵ Corporation, which includes FAIR and Beach Plans; the Louisiana Citizens Property ��Ӱҵ Corporation, which includes FAIR and Beach Plans and premiums written after 2007; and North Carolina after 2010.
(2) Exposure is the estimate of the aggregate value of all insurance in force in all FAIR Plans in all lines (except liability, where applicable, and crime) for 12 months ending September through December.

Source: Property ��Ӱҵ Plans Service Office (PIPSO).

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��Ӱҵ Provided By Fair Plans By State, Fiscal Year 2024 (1)

	Number of policies
State	Habitational	Commercial	Total	Exposure (2) ($000)	Direct premiums written ($000)
California	417,310	13,990	431,300	$429,840,251	$1,415,750
Connecticut	1,187	53	1,240	304,240	1,842
Delaware	1,170	57	1,227	249,532	607
D.C.	116	18	134	70,977	194
Florida (3)	1,321,953	13,564	1,335,517	385,821,636	4,597,890
Georgia	8,778	638	9,416	2,200,620	16,250
Hawaii	2,402	(4)	2,402	928,919	5,565
Illinois	1,961	62	2,023	370,022	4,346
Indiana	810	30	840	1,817	1,767
Iowa	1,021	22	1,043	85,679	1,140
Kansas	11,507	209	11,716	949	9,412
Kentucky	4,102	175	4,277	206,094	2,551
Louisiana (3)	151,075	10,572	161,647	41,714,468	518,277
Maryland	678	44	722	326,557	854
Massachusetts	213,928	230	214,158	115,570,275	400,850
Michigan	15,981	293	16,274	2,599,502	13,850
Minnesota	4,160	101	4,261	457,440	4,542
Mississippi	2,237	(4)	2,237	137,658	1,769
Missouri	2,041	84	2,125	198,262	2,354
New Jersey	7,029	173	7,202	1,194,598	5,535
New Mexico	7,506	306	7,812	950,673	5,956
New York	20,669	1,556	22,225	7,633,000	32,265
North Carolina	235,990	10,165	246,155	57,330,647	278,203
Ohio	13,942	466	14,408	5,922,806	18,034
Oregon	2,377	170	2,547	840,983	3,067
Pennsylvania	8,982	984	9,966	1,327,698	5,345
Rhode Island	16,029	109	16,138	6,138,905	36,730
Texas	126,680	(4)	126,680	32,930,398	237,277
Virginia	22,622	503	23,125	4,291,002	20,855
Washington	306	55	361	176,330	858
West Virginia	260	43	303	30,032	274
Wisconsin	5,246	198	5,444	860,276	4,553
Total	2,630,055	54,870	2,684,925	$1,100,712,246	$7,648,762

(1) Excludes the FAIR Plans of Arkansas.
(2) Exposure is the estimate of the aggregate value of all insurance in force in all FAIR Plans in all lines (except liability, where applicable, and crime) for 12 months ending September through December.
(3) Citizens Property ��Ӱҵ Corporation, which combined the FAIR and Beach Plans.
(4) The Hawaii, Mississippi and Texas FAIR Plans do not offer a commercial policy.

Source: Property ��Ӱҵ Plans Service Office (PIPSO).

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Renters and homeowners demographics

In 2024, 65.3 percent of occupied housing units were owner occupied and 34.8 percent were renter occupied, according to the latest U.S. Census figures.

The nation's homeowners paid a median of $2,035 monthly housing costs in 2024, compared with $1,487 for renters, according to the latest American Community Survey from the U.S. Census Bureau.

However, renters usually paid a higher percentage of their household income on these costs than did owners, 48.2 percent spent 30 percent or more of their income on housing costs in 2024, compared with 29.3 percent of homeowners.

Percent Of Occupied Housing Units That Are Owner Occupied, 2024

State	Percent	Rank (1)	State	Percent	Rank (1)
Alabama	71.0%	13	Montana	68.6%	19
Alaska	66.5	37	Nebraska	66.7	35
Arizona	67.8	28	Nevada	60.1	49
Arkansas	67.1	31	New Hampshire	72.6	6
California	55.8	50	New Jersey	63.9	41
Colorado	65.9	39	New Mexico	71.1	12
Connecticut	66.7	35	New York	54.3	51
Delaware	73.8	2	North Carolina	66.8	33
D.C.	40.9	52	North Dakota	61.2	48
Florida	68.0	25	Ohio	68.0	25
Georgia	66.3	38	Oklahoma	65.7	40
Hawaii	61.6	47	Oregon	63.1	43
Idaho	71.7	8	Pennsylvania	69.3	17
Illinois	67.6	30	Puerto Rico	69.3	17
Indiana	70.7	14	Rhode Island	63.5	42
Iowa	71.3	11	South Carolina	72.3	7
Kansas	68.1	22	South Dakota	68.3	21
Kentucky	68.1	22	Tennessee	66.8	33
Louisiana	68.1	22	Texas	62.3	46
Maine	73.3	4	Utah	69.6	16
Maryland	67.8	28	Vermont	73.2	5
Massachusetts	62.4	45	Virginia	67.1	31
Michigan	73.5	3	Washington	62.9	44
Minnesota	71.6	10	West Virginia	75.5	1
Mississippi	70.5	15	Wisconsin	68.0	25
Missouri	68.6	19	Wyoming	71.7	8
			United States	65.3%

(1) States with the same percentages receive the same rank.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau; American Community Survey.

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In 2024, West Virginia, Delaware, Michigan, Maine, and Vermont had the highest percentage of owner-occupied housing units.
District of Columbia, New York, California, Nevada, and North Dakota had the lowest percentage of owner-occupied units.

Percent Of Mortgaged Owners Occupied Units Spending 30 Percent Or More Of Their Income On Monthly Owner Costs, 2024

State	Percent	Rank (1)	State	Percent	Rank (1)
Alabama	25.4%	36	Montana	32.0%	8
Alaska	26.8	29	Nebraska	24.4	39
Arizona	29.9	16	Nevada	32.9	6
Arkansas	22.9	46	New Hampshire	27.9	23
California	39.2	2	New Jersey	31.9	9
Colorado	31.8	10	New Mexico	27.8	24
Connecticut	30.2	15	New York	33.4	5
Delaware	27.2	26	North Carolina	26.3	31
D.C.	25.6	34	North Dakota	20.2	51
Florida	38.1	3	Ohio	22.5	48
Georgia	28.6	19	Oklahoma	25.5	35
Hawaii	39.5	1	Oregon	31.3	11
Idaho	28.0	22	Pennsylvania	24.0	40
Illinois	27.2	26	Puerto Rico	32.1	7
Indiana	22.0	49	Rhode Island	33.8	4
Iowa	21.1	50	South Carolina	27.2	26
Kansas	23.1	44	South Dakota	23.9	41
Kentucky	22.8	47	Tennessee	25.3	37
Louisiana	29.7	18	Texas	30.7	12
Maine	26.6	30	Utah	27.5	25
Maryland	28.1	21	Vermont	28.5	20
Massachusetts	30.6	14	Virginia	26.2	32
Michigan	23.9	41	Washington	30.7	12
Minnesota	24.6	38	West Virginia	19.4	52
Mississippi	26.0	33	Wisconsin	23.0	45
Missouri	23.4	43	Wyoming	29.9	16
			United States	29.3%

(1) Percent of mortgaged owner-occupied housing units spending 30 percent or more of household income on selected owner costs such as all mortgage payments (first mortgage, home equity loans, etc.), real estate taxes, property insurance, utilities, fuel and condominium fees if applicable.
(2) States with the same percentages receive the same rank.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau; American Community Survey.

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In 2024, Hawaii, California, Florida, Rhode Island, and New York had the highest homeownership costs, based on the percentage of homes in which owners spent 30 percent or more of their income on homeowner-ownership related expenses.
West Virginia, North Dakota, Iowa, Indiana, and Ohio had the lowest costs, based on the percentage of homes in which owners spent 30 percent of more of their income on homeowner-ownership expenses

Percent Of Renter Occupied Units Spending 30 Percent Or More Of Their Income On Rent And Utilities, 2024

State	Percent (1)	Rank (2)	State	Percent (1)	Rank (2)
Alabama	41.6%	40	Montana	38.6%	47
Alaska	37.4	50	Nebraska	43.5	36
Arizona	49.0	11	Nevada	54.9	2
Arkansas	40.1	43	New Hampshire	46.2	23
California	53.0	3	New Jersey	49.7	7
Colorado	50.0	6	New Mexico	44.1	35
Connecticut	51.1	4	New York	48.5	13
Delaware	47.1	20	North Carolina	47.6	17
District of Columbia	45.5	28	North Dakota	33.8	51
Florida	58.1	1	Ohio	44.2	34
Georgia	48.8	12	Oklahoma	41.4	41
Hawaii	50.6	5	Oregon	49.2	10
Idaho	45.0	31	Pennsylvania	45.8	26
Illinois	45.4	30	Puerto Rico	27.2	52
Indiana	44.9	32	Rhode Island	48.4	14
Iowa	39.8	45	South Carolina	46.9	21
Kansas	40.0	44	South Dakota	38.1	49
Kentucky	40.2	42	Tennessee	45.9	25
Louisiana	47.2	18	Texas	49.3	9
Maine	46.4	22	Utah	45.7	27
Maryland	48.4	14	Vermont	45.5	28
Massachusetts	49.4	8	Virginia	46.1	24
Michigan	47.2	18	Washington	48.3	16
Minnesota	44.9	32	West Virginia	39.1	46
Mississippi	43.0	37	Wisconsin	42.5	38
Missouri	41.8	39	Wyoming	38.6	47
			United States	48.2%

(1) Percent of renter-occupied units spending 30 percent or more on rent and utilities such as electric, gas, water and sewer, and fuel (oil, coal, etc.) if paid by the renter.
(2) States with the same percentages receive the same rank.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau; American Community Survey.

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Nationwide, 48.2 percent of renters spent at least 30 percent of their household income on rent and utilities in 2024.
In 2024, Puerto Rico, North Dakota, Alaska, South Dakota, and Montana had the lowest percentage of rental units in which occupants spent 30 percent or more of their income on rent. Florida, Nevada, California, Connecticut, and Hawaii had the highest percentage.

Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Affordability

Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi are the least affordable states for homeowners insurance, while Utah is the most affordable state, according to a 2022 study from the ��Ӱҵ Research Council (IRC) based on 2021 data. The report, Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Affordability: Countrywide Trends and State Comparisons, looks at the homeowners insurance expenditure share of income, which ranges from a low of 0.96 percent in Utah for 2021, to a high of 4.07 percent in Florida. U.S. households on average spent 1.99 percent of their income on homeowners insurance.

The IRC developed an affordability index based on average homeowners insurance expenditures published by the National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (NAIC) and median household income from the U.S. Census Bureau. The IRC notes that since the index is a ratio, some states with high average homeowners insurance expenditures rate lower on the affordability rankings because of higher-than-average median income (such as DC), while other states are pushed up the ranks of least affordable states by having low median household income (such as Mississippi). IRC’s analysis discusses the affordability of homeowners insurance for the overall population and does not address the issue of affordability among underserved populations.

Average Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Expenditures As A Percent of Median Household Income, 2021 (1)

State	Index	Rank	State	Index	Rank
Florida	4.07%	1	California	1.77%	27
Louisiana	3.81	2	South Dakota	1.76	28
Mississippi	3.73	3	Hawaii	1.62	29
Oklahoma	3.37	4	Michigan	1.60	30
Texas	3.10	5	Illinois	1.56	31
Arkansas	3.10	6	Indiana	1.55	32
Alabama	2.76	7	New Jersey	1.50	33
Rhode Island	2.47	8	Ohio	1.49	34
Montana	2.34	9	Virginia	1.46	35
Georgia	2.33	10	Iowa	1.46	36
New Mexico	2.32	11	Delaware	1.44	37
South Carolina	2.24	12	District of Columbia	1.43	38
Colorado	2.23	13	Nevada	1.40	39
Missouri	2.18	14	Maine	1.39	40
Tennessee	2.16	15	Vermont	1.36	41
Nebraska	2.16	16	Pennsylvania	1.34	42
Kentucky	2.15	17	Arizona	1.33	43
Wyoming	2.13	18	Alaska	1.31	44
Connecticut	2.09	19	Maryland	1.26	45
West Virginia	2.08	20	New Hampshire	1.23	46
Kansas	2.06	21	Idaho	1.18	47
Minnesota	2.03	22	Washington	1.17	48
New York	2.00	23	Wisconsin	1.15	49
Massachusetts	1.98	24	Oregon	1.00	50
North Dakota	1.88	25	Utah	0.96	51
North Carolina	1.82	26	U.S. Average	1.99%

(1) Data are for IRC's affordability index based on average homeowners insurance expenditures published by the National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (NAIC) and median household income from the U.S. Census Bureau.

Source: Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Affordability: Countrywide Trends and State Comparisons, ��Ӱҵ Research Council.

Facts + Statistics: Auto insurance

Chris Bartlett — Wed, 31 Jul 2013 20:16:42 +0000

Costs and expenditures

The countrywide average auto insurance expenditure increased 6.1 percent to $1,127 in 2022 from $1,062 in 2021, according to the National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners. In 2022 (the latest data available), the average expenditure was highest in Florida ($1,625), followed by Louisiana ($1,558), and New York ($1,549).

To calculate average expenditures, the National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (NAIC) assumes that all insured vehicles carry liability coverage but not necessarily collision or comprehensive coverage. The average expenditure measures what consumers spend for insurance on each vehicle. It does not equal the sum of liability, collision and comprehensive expenditures because not all policyholders purchase all three coverages. The average expenditure measures what consumers actually spend for insurance.

Your Driving Costs, a 2022  study from AAA, found that the average cost to own and operate a 2022 model vehicle was $10,728 in 2022 when it is driven 15,000 miles per year. The average full-coverage insurance cost for medium sedans was $1,694, compared with $1,529 for a medium SUV. The average insurance cost for all vehicles, including pickups and hybrid and electric vehicles, was $1,588. These cost estimates are based on a full coverage policy for a driver under 65 years of age with more than six years of driving experience, no record of accidents, and residency in a suburban/urban location.

80 percent of insured drivers purchase comprehensive coverage in addition to liability insurance, and 77 percent buy collision coverage, based on a Triple-I analysis of 2022 NAIC data.

The coverage is for a policy with $100,000/$300,000 personal liability, $25,000 medical, $100,000 property and $25,000/$50,000 uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage, with a $500 deductible for collision and comprehensive claims. These figures are not comparable with the National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners’ auto expenditures data, below.

Average Expenditures for Auto ��Ӱҵ, 2013-2022

Year	Average expenditure	Percent change
2013	$841.06	3.5%
2014	869.47	3.4
2015	896.66	3.1
2016	945.22	5.4
2017	1,008.35	6.7
2018	1,058.10	4.9
2019	1,075.08	1.6
2020	1,047.76	-2.5
2021	1,062.31	1.4
2022	1,126.79	6.1

Source: National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (NAIC). Further reprint or distribution strictly prohibited without written permission of NAIC.

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Auto insurance expenditures, by state

The tables below show estimated average expenditures for private passenger automobile insurance by state from 2016 to 2020 and provide approximate measures of the relative cost of automobile insurance to consumers in each state. To calculate average expenditures, the National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (NAIC) assumes that all insured vehicles carry liability coverage but not necessarily collision or comprehensive coverage. The average expenditure measures what consumers spend for insurance.

Expenditures are affected by the coverages purchased as well as other factors. The NAIC does not account for policyholder classifications, vehicle characteristics or the amount of deductibles selected by the policyholder, differences in state auto and tort laws, rate filing laws, traffic conditions and other demographic variables, all of which can significantly affect the cost of coverage. The NAIC notes that three variables—urban population, miles driven per number of highway miles, and disposable income per capita—are correlated with the state auto insurance premiums. It also notes that high-premium states tend to also be highly urban, with higher wage and price levels, and greater traffic density. Many other factors can also affect auto insurance prices.

Top 10 Most Expensive And Least Expensive States For Auto ��Ӱҵ, 2022 (1)

Rank	Most expensive states	Average expenditure	Rank	Least expensive states	Average expenditure
1	Florida	$1,624.77	1	North Dakota	$728.89
2	Louisiana	1,557.85	2	Maine	757.65
3	New York	1,548.58	3	Idaho	772.31
4	District of Columbia	1,501.94	4	Iowa	776.25
5	Rhode Island	1,428.12	5	Vermont	793.38
6	New Jersey	1,413.04	6	Wisconsin	809.42
7	Georgia	1,344.62	7	Indiana	814.21
8	Michigan	1,319.15	8	South Dakota	822.14
9	Nevada	1,299.66	9	Ohio	832.34
10	Delaware	1,296.13	10	North Carolina	840.24

(1) Based on average automobile insurance expenditures.

Source: National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (NAIC). Further reprint or distribution strictly prohibited without written permission of NAIC.

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Auto ��Ӱҵ Affordability

Louisiana, Florida and Mississippi are the least affordable states for auto insurance, while Idaho is the most affordable state, according to a 2022 study from the ��Ӱҵ Research Council (IRC) based on 2021 data. The report, Auto ��Ӱҵ Affordability: Countrywide Trends and State Comparisons, looks at the auto insurance expenditure share of income, which ranges from a low of 0.96 percent in Idaho for 2021, to a high of 2.62 percent in Louisiana. U.S. households on average spent 1.50 percent of their income on auto insurance.

The IRC developed an affordability index based on average auto insurance expenditures published by the National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (NAIC) and median household income from the U.S. Census Bureau. Note that since the index is a ratio, some states with high average auto insurance expenditures rate lower on the affordability rankings because of higher-than-average median income (such as DC), while other states are pushed up the ranks of least affordable states by having low median household income (such as Mississippi). IRC’s analysis discusses the affordability of auto insurance for the overall population and does not address the issue of affordability among underserved populations.

Average Auto ��Ӱҵ Expenditures As A Percent of Median Household Income, 2021 (1)

State	Index	Rank	State	Index	Rank
Louisiana	2.62%	1	Montana	1.30%	27
Florida	2.46	2	California	1.28	28
Mississippi	2.15	3	North Carolina	1.26	29
Georgia	2.06	4	Ohio	1.24	30
New York	2.05	5	Maryland	1.23	31
Michigan	2.03	6	Alaska	1.20	32
Nevada	1.97	7	Washington	1.17	33
West Virginia	1.96	8	Oregon	1.16	34
Rhode Island	1.90	9	Illinois	1.16	35
Delaware	1.83	10	Wyoming	1.11	36
South Carolina	1.82	11	Minnesota	1.11	37
Arkansas	1.74	12	Utah	1.09	38
Texas	1.67	13	Indiana	1.09	39
New Mexico	1.67	14	Wisconsin	1.08	40
Alabama	1.63	15	Virginia	1.08	41
Kentucky	1.62	16	Kansas	1.07	42
District of Columbia	1.58	17	Nebraska	1.05	43
New Jersey	1.54	18	South Dakota	1.04	44
Connecticut	1.54	19	Vermont	1.03	45
Arizona	1.51	20	North Dakota	1.00	46
Oklahoma	1.49	21	Maine	1.00	47
Missouri	1.46	22	Iowa	1.00	48
Tennessee	1.40	23	Hawaii	1.00	49
Colorado	1.40	24	New Hampshire	0.96	50
Massachusetts	1.35	25	Idaho	0.96	51
Pennsylvania	1.33%	26	U.S. Average	1.50%

(1) Data are for IRC's affordability index based on average auto insurance expenditures published by the National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (NAIC) and median household income from the U.S. Census Bureau.

Source: Auto ��Ӱҵ Affordability: Countrywide Trends and State Comparisons, ��Ӱҵ Research Council.

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Premiums

Private Passenger Automobile ��Ӱҵ, 2015-2024

($000)

	Liability				Collision/comprehensive
Year	Net premiums written (1)	Annual percent change	Combined ratio (2)	Annual point change (3)	Net premiums written (1)	Annual percent change	Combined ratio (2)	Annual point change (3)
2015	$116,303,845	3.5%	107.9	4.1 pts.	$76,462,942	7.6%	99.5	-0.8 pts.
2016	124,441,637	7.0	109.5	1.5	82,928,686	8.5	101.7	2.2
2017	133,759,785	7.5	105.5	-4.0	88,489,463	6.7	98.2	-3.5
2018	144,449,266	8.0	100.4	-5.1	96,465,734	9.0	93.7	-4.5
2019	147,278,690	2.0	101.7	1.3	100,407,182	4.1	94.5	0.8
2020	144,102,547	-2.2	94.8	-6.9	99,548,734	-0.9	89.2	-5.4
2021	148,417,736	3.0	99.8	5.0	104,464,678	4.9	103.9	14.7
2022	155,139,607	4.5	111.3	11.5	112,907,513	8.1	113.4	9.6
2023	173,192,135	11.6	106.3	-4.9	133,393,569	18.1	103.0	-10.4
2024	193,445,830	11.7	101.2	-5.1	152,443,528	14.3	87.9	-15.2

(1) After reinsurance transactions, excludes state funds.
(2) After dividends to policyholders. A drop in the combined ratio represents an improvement; an increase represents a deterioration.
(3) Calculated from unrounded data.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, ��Ӱҵ Information Institute.

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Top 10 Writers Of Private Passenger Auto ��Ӱҵ By Direct Premiums Written, 2024

($000)

Rank	Group/company	Direct premiums written (1)	Market share (2)
1	State Farm	$67,748,192	18.9%
2	Progressive	60,053,469	16.7
3	Berkshire Hathaway Inc.	41,714,394	11.6
4	Allstate Corp.	36,581,812	10.2
5	USAA ��Ӱҵ Group	22,096,870	6.2
6	Farmers ��Ӱҵ Group of Companies	13,492,655	3.8
7	Liberty Mutual	11,741,471	3.3
8	Travelers Companies Inc.	7,184,379	2.0
9	Auto Club Exchange	6,465,137	1.8
10	American Family ��Ӱҵ Group	6,174,180	1.7

(1) Before reinsurance transactions, includes state funds.
(2) Based on U.S. total, excluding territories.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, ��Ӱҵ Information Institute.

View Archived Tables

Auto claims

Liability insurance pays for the policyholder’s legal responsibility to others for bodily injury or property damage. Collision and comprehensive insurance cover property damage and theft to the policyholder’s car.

Private Passenger Auto ��Ӱҵ Losses, 2015-2024 (1)

	Liability
	Bodily injury (2)		Property damage (3)
Year	Claim frequency (4)	Claim severity (5), (6)	Claim frequency (4)	Claim severity (5), (6)
2015	0.89	$17,014	3.45	$3,628
2016	1.04	16,082	3.41	3,969
2017	1.06	16,234	3.16	3,797
2018	0.94	18,213	3.09	4,174
2019	0.93	19,151	3.14	4,326
2020	0.78	20,769	2.39	4,703
2021	0.68	23,592	2.28	5,036
2022	0.70	24,681	2.54	6,024
2023	0.78	26,178	2.59	6,554
2024	0.80	28,278	2.50	6,770
	Physical damage (7)
	Collision		Comprehensive (8)
Year	Claim frequency (4)	Claim severity (5)	Claim frequency (4), (9)	Claim severity (5), (9)
2015	6.01	$3,377	2.62	$1,679
2016	5.51	3,454	2.30	1,951
2017	5.98	3,517	2.86	1,811
2018	4.92	3,665	2.70	1,806
2019	5.00	3,828	2.99	1,796
2020	3.93	3,854	2.91	1,918
2021	4.31	4,583	3.35	1,947
2022	4.48	5,377	3.78	2,175
2023	4.48	5,521	4.08	2,305
2024	4.16	5,489	3.95	2,306

(1) For all limits combined. Data are for paid claims.
(2) Excludes Massachusetts and most states with no-fault automobile insurance laws.
(3) Excludes Massachusetts, Michigan and New Jersey.
(4) Claim frequency is claims per 100 earned car years. A car year is equal to 365 days of insured coverage for one vehicle.
(5) Claim severity is the size of the loss.
(6) Includes loss adjustment expenses.
(7) Excludes Massachusetts, Michigan and Puerto Rico. Based on coverage with a $500 deductible.
(8) Excludes wind and water losses.
(9) Includes glass losses.

Source: ISO®, a Verisk Analytics® business.

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View Archived Tables

In 2024, 0.80 percent of people with liability insurance had a bodily injury liability claim, while 2.50 percent of those with liability insurance had a property damage liability claim, according to ISO.
In 2024, 4.16 percent of collision insurance policyholders had a claim, while 3.95 percent of people with comprehensive coverage had a claim.
In 2024, the average auto liability claim for property damage was $6,770; the average auto liability claim for bodily injury was $28,278.
In 2024, the average collision claim was $5,489; the average comprehensive claim was $2,306.

Incurred Losses for Auto ��Ӱҵ, 2020-2024 (1)

($000)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Private passenger auto
Liability	$81,627,769	$95,420,729	$118,106,320	$125,670,793	$132,012,369
Physical damage	54,659,175	73,802,318	91,033,128	95,379,852	89,499,857
Commercial auto
Liability	19,279,909	21,008,709	26,227,343	30,299,205	33,572,686
Physical damage	4,824,642	5,779,487	7,669,261	8,219,219	7,968,725
Total	$160,391,495	$196,011,243	$243,036,052	$259,569,069	$263,053,637

(1) Losses occurring within a fixed period, whether or not adjusted or paid during the same period, after reinsurance transactions.

Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, ��Ӱҵ Information Institute.

View Archived Tables

The shared/residual market and nonstandard markets

All states and the District of Columbia use special systems to guarantee that auto insurance is available to those who cannot obtain it in the private market. These systems are commonly known as assigned risk plans. Assigned risk and other plans are known in the insurance industry as the shared, or residual, market. In assigned risk plans, high-risk policyholders are proportionally assigned to insurance companies doing business in the state. In the voluntary, or regular, market, auto insurers are free to select policyholders.

Motorists can also obtain auto insurance from the nonstandard portion of the private market. The nonstandard market is a niche market for drivers who have a worse than average driving record or drive specialized vehicles such as high-powered sports cars or custom-built cars. It is made up of both small specialty companies, whose only business is the nonstandard market, and well-known auto insurance companies with nonstandard divisions.

Collision losses

The chart below shows the claim frequency and average loss payment per claim and average loss payment per insured vehicle year under collision coverage for recent model vehicles. The claim frequency is expressed as a rate per 100 insured vehicle years. A vehicle year is equal to 365 days of insurance coverage for a single vehicle.

Passenger Vehicle Collision Coverage ��Ӱҵ Losses, 2022-2024 Model Years

	Claim frequency (1)	Claim severity	Overall loss (2)
Passenger cars (3)	7.2	$10,298	$737
Pickups	5.1	10,354	533
SUVs	5.5	10,220	562
All passenger vehicles (4)	5.9	$10,267	$604

(1) Per 100 insured vehicle years.
(2) Represents the average loss payment per insured vehicle year.
(3) Includes minivans.
(4) Includes claims from cargo/passenger vans.

Source: Highway Loss Data Institute.

View Archived Tables

Consumer prices

Consumer Price Indices For ��Ӱҵ And Related Items And Annual Rates Of Change, 2016-2025

(Base: 1982-84=100)

	Cost of living (all items)		Motor vehicle insurance		Medical care items		Physicians' services		Hospital services (1)
Year	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change
2016	240.0	1.3%	489.1	6.2%	463.7	3.8%	378.1	3.3%	303.3	4.5%
2017	245.1	2.1	526.9	7.7	475.3	2.5	380.1	0.5	318.2	4.9
2018	251.1	2.4	566.0	7.4	484.7	2.0	380.5	0.1	332.2	4.4
2019	255.7	1.8	571.0	0.9	498.4	2.8	383.2	0.7	338.8	2.0
2020	258.8	1.2	544.6	-4.6	518.9	4.1	389.9	1.7	353.0	4.2
2021	271.0	4.7	565.3	3.8	525.3	1.2	406.5	4.3	363.5	3.0
2022	292.7	8.0	609.8	7.9	546.6	4.1	411.9	1.3	376.8	3.7
2023	304.7	4.1	716.0	17.4	549.1	0.5	412.6	0.2	392.1	4.1
2024	313.7	2.9	843.1	17.8	563.8	2.7	417.9	1.3	414.8	5.8
2025	321.9	2.6	893.5	6.0	580.1	2.9	428.5	2.5	414.8	5.8
Percent change 2016-2025		34.1%		82.7%		25.1%		13.3%		36.8%

View Archived Tables

Consumer Price Indices For ��Ӱҵ And Related Items And Annual Rates Of Change, 2016-2025 (Cont'd)

(Base: 1982-84=100)

	Motor vehicle body work		New vehicles		New cars		New trucks (2)
Year	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change
2016	287.6	2.4%	147.4	0.2%	143.7	-0.5%	156.4	0.6%
2017	294.5	2.4	147.0	-0.2	142.7	-0.7	156.6	0.1
2018	302.7	2.8	146.3	-0.5	142.0	-0.5	155.8	-0.5
2019	313.5	3.5	146.8	0.4	142.8	0.6	156.3	0.3
2020	324.7	3.6	147.6	0.5	144.0	0.8	157.1	0.5
2021	343.0	5.6	156.2	5.9	152.0	5.6	166.7	6.1
2022	385.9	12.5	172.5	10.4	168.8	11.1	183.7	10.2
2023	411.2	6.6	178.9	3.7	174.6	3.5	190.8	3.9
2024	417.2	1.4	177.9	-0.6	172.6	-1.2	189.9	-0.5
2025	432.8	3.7	178.5	0.3	173.5	0.5	190.5	0.3
Percent change 2016-2025		50.5%		21.1%		20.7%		21.8%

View Archived Tables

Consumer Price Indices For ��Ӱҵ And Related Items And Annual Rates Of Change, 2015-2024 (Cont'd)

(Base: 1982-84=100)

	Used cars and trucks		Tenants and household insurance (3), (5)		Repair of household items (3), (6)		Legal services (4)		Existing single- family homes
Year	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change	Index	Percent change	Median price ($000)	Percent change
2016	143.5	-2.5%	147.7	0.9%	226.3	2.8%	334.5	3.4%	235.5	5.2%
2017	138.3	-3.6	148.8	0.7	239.3	5.8	346.4	3.6	248.8	5.6
2018	138.4	0.1	150.7	1.3	253.7	6.0	361.2	4.3	261.6	5.1
2019	139.8	1.0	151.8	0.7	268.7	5.9	364.8	1.0	274.6	5.0
2020	144.2	3.2	151.1	-0.5	270.0	0.5	368.7	1.1	300.2	9.3
2021	182.6	26.6	150.7	-0.3	0.0	0.0	374.4	1.5	357.1	19.0
2022	205.9	12.7	150.5	-0.1	NA	NA	399.4	6.7	392.8	10.0
2023	191.2	-7.1	153.3	1.8	352.6	NA	432.9	8.4	394.1	0.3
2024	179.8	-6.0	158.3	3.3	NA	NA	NA	NA	412.5	4.7
2025	185.0	0.0	165.7	4.7	NA	NA	NA	NA	419.5	1.7
Percent change 2016-2025		28.9%		12.1%		NA		NA		78.1%

NA = Data not available

Note: Percent changes are calculated from unrounded data.

View Archived Tables

What is covered by standard homeowners insurance?

Chris Bartlett — Wed, 19 Aug 2009 17:11:52 +0000

Understanding the four essential protections provided by your homeowners policy

Coverage for the structure of your home

Your homeowners policy pays to repair or rebuild your home if it is damaged or destroyed by fire, hurricane, hail, lightning or other disasters listed in your policy. Most policies also cover detached structures such as a garage, tool shed or gazebo—generally for about 10 percent of the amount of insurance you have on the structure of the house.

A standard policy will not pay for damage caused by a flood, earthquake or routine wear and tear.

When purchasing coverage for the structure of your home, remember this simple guideline: Purchase enough coverage to rebuild your home.

Coverage for your personal belongings

Your furniture, clothes, sports equipment and other personal items are covered if they are stolen or destroyed by fire, hurricane or other insured disasters. The coverage is generally 50 to 70 percent of the insurance you have on the structure of the house.

The best way to determine if this is enough coverage is to conduct a home inventory.

Personal belongings coverage includes items stored off-premises—this means you are covered anywhere in the world. Some companies limit the amount to 10 percent of the amount of insurance you have for your possessions. You also have up to $500 of coverage for unauthorized use of your credit cards.

Expensive items like jewelry, furs, art, collectibles and silverware are covered, but there are usually dollar limits if they are stolen. To insure these items to their full value, purchase a special personal property endorsement or floater and insure the item for its officially appraised value.

Trees, plants and shrubs are also covered under standard homeowners insurance—generally for about $500 per item. Trees and plants are not covered for disease, or if they have been poorly maintained.

Liability protection

Liability covers you against lawsuits for bodily injury or property damage that you or family members cause to other people. It also pays for damage caused by your pets. So, if your son, daughter (or even your dog) accidentally ruins a neighbor’s expensive rug, you are covered. (However, if they destroy your rug, you’re out of luck.)

The liability portion of your policy pays for both the cost of defending you in court and any court awards—up to the limit stated in your policy documents.

Liability limits generally start at about $100,000, however, it’s a good idea to discuss whether you should purchase a higher level of protection with your insurance professional. If you have significant assets and want more coverage than is available under your homeowners policy, consider purchasing an umbrella or excess liability policy, which provides broader coverage and higher liability limits.

Your policy also provides no-fault medical coverage, so if a friend or neighbor is injured in your home, he or she can simply submit medical bills to your insurance company. This way, expenses can be paid without a liability claim being filed against you. It does not, however, pay the medical bills for your own family or your pet.

Additional living expenses (ALE)

ALE pays the additional costs of living away from home if you cannot live there due to damage from a an insured disaster. It covers hotel bills, restaurant meals and other costs, over and above your usual living expenses, incurred while your home is being rebuilt.

Keep in mind that the ALE coverage in your homeowners policy has limits—and some policies include a time limitation. However, these limits are separate from the amount available to rebuild or repair your home. Even if you use up your ALE your insurance company will still pay the full cost of rebuilding your home up to the policy limit.

If you rent out part of your house, ALE also covers you for the rent that you would have collected from your tenant if your home had not been destroyed.

Next steps: Purchasing a home? Get the Home Buyers ��Ӱҵ Checklist.

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12 Ways to Lower Your Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Costs

Chris Bartlett — Thu, 06 Aug 2009 21:07:10 +0000

The cost of homeowners insurance can vary significantly, sometimes by hundreds of dollars, depending on your state’s insurance regulations, local risk exposure, the deductible you select, and the insurance company you choose. To ensure you get the right protection at a competitive price, consider the following factors when evaluating a homeowners policy.

Shop around

Some insurers have told us they prefer more neutral wording, and in many markets, premiums are converging, so saying “compare prices” might overstate the differences. Think we should frame this as evaluating coverage and service options rather than just cost. So here’s what I’d suggest:

It may take some time, but reviewing different insurers can help you find the policy that best fits your coverage needs and service expectations. Ask friends for recommendations, check your local directories, or contact your state insurance department. The National Association of ��Ӱҵ Commissioners (www.naic.org) provides information to help you evaluate insurers in your state, including complaint histories. Many states also provide details on typical coverage options and policy features offered by major insurers.

Also review consumer guides, speak with insurance agents, check company websites, and use online quote tools. This will give you a sense of current price ranges and help identify companies that offer competitive rates. However, price should not be your only consideration. The insurer you choose should provide both a fair price and high-quality service, especially when you need help filing a claim. To evaluate service quality, review complaint records, ask multiple insurers about their claims process, and get a sense of how they handle customer service. You can also inquire about discounts, coverage options, and other ways they could help manage your costs.

Check the financial stability of the companies you are considering with rating companies such as A.M. Best (www.ambest.com) and Standard & Poor’s (www.standardandpoors.com/ratings). When you've narrowed the field to three insurers, get price quotes.
Raise your deductible

Deductibles are the amount of money you agree to pay toward a covered loss before your insurance company begins to pay a claim, under the terms of your policy. In general, choosing a higher deductible will reduce your premium, while a lower deductible means higher premium costs. Many homeowners choose deductibles in the range of $500 to $2,000, with around $1,000 being a common choice. If you are financially comfortable, increasing your deductible from $500 to $1,000 may reduce your premium by roughly 10 to 25 percent, depending on your location, insurer, and home value. Also note: if you live in a disaster-prone area, your policy may include a separate deductible for certain perils. For example, coastal homes may have a wind/hurricane deductible, hail-prone states may have a hail deductible, and earthquake coverage often comes with its own (sometimes high) deductible or a percentage-based deduction.
Don’t confuse what you paid for your house with rebuilding costs

The land under your house generally is not subject to loss from perils like fire, theft, windstorm, and other risks covered by a homeowners policy; you typically only need to insure the structure. When deciding how much dwelling coverage to buy, focus on the cost to rebuild your home, including materials, labor, and any local building code upgrades, rather than the purchase price or market value that includes land. Keep in mind that replacement costs have risen significantly over time, so it’s important to make sure your coverage limit reflects current construction costs. Insuring based on market value including land can result in higher premiums than necessary, while underestimating replacement cost can leave you underinsured if you need to rebuild.
Buy your home and auto policies from the same insurer

Many insurers offer what’s called a multi-policy or “bundle” discount when you have your auto policy and homeowners (or renters/condo) policy with the same company. Bundling can provide meaningful savings, but the exact discount depends heavily on your state, insurer, and personal risk profile, including factors like home value, car value, and claims history. Not all insurers or states apply the discount to both policies — sometimes it only affects the auto premium — and bundling does not always guarantee the cheapest overall combination. If you cancel one of the policies or switch insurers, you could lose the discount and see your rates increase. To get the best deal, compare quotes both as a bundle and separately, ask your insurer exactly how the discount applies, and confirm the savings are reflected in your policy documents. Bundling can simplify your coverage and save money, but it’s important to understand the details before making a decision.
Make your home more disaster resistant

Before disaster strikes, talk with your insurance professional or company about steps you can take to make your home more resistant to windstorms, hail, wildfires and other natural hazards. Many insurers and mitigation programs reward homeowners who add storm shutters, install impact‑resistant roofing or upgrade to resilient building‑standards (for example the FORTIFIED™ or Wildfire Prepared Home™ designations by IBHS). If your home qualifies, you may qualify for a premium discount, but these savings vary based on your state, insurer and whether the work is verified. Older homes can be retrofitted to make them better able to withstand for earthquakes. In addition, consider upgrading plumbing, electrical or HVAC systems to reduce fire or water damage risk. Ask your agent which upgrades qualify for a discount and what verification or inspection is required.
Improve your home security

You can usually get discounts of at least 5 percent for a smoke detector, burglar alarm or dead-bolt locks. Some companies offer to cut your premium by as much as 15 or 20 percent if you install a sophisticated sprinkler system and a fire and burglar alarm that rings at the police, fire or other monitoring stations. These systems aren't cheap and not every system qualifies for a discount. Before you buy such a system, find out what kind your insurer recommends, how much the device would cost and how much you'd save on premiums.
Seek out other discounts

��Ӱҵ companies offer several types of discounts, but they don’t all offer the same discount or the same amount in every state. For example, people 55 years old and retired may qualify for a discount of up to 10 percent at some companies because they spend more time at home, making them less likely to experience burglaries, more likely to spot fires early, and able to devote more time to home maintenance. Similarly, people who work remotely and spend most of their day at home may reduce certain risks in similar ways, such as deterring break-ins, noticing maintenance issues sooner, or catching potential fire hazards early. Some insurers may recognize these factors when setting rates or offering discounts. In addition, some employers and professional associations administer group insurance programs that may offer better deals than you can get elsewhere.
Maintain a good credit record

Establishing a solid credit history can help reduce your homeowners insurance costs because many insurers use credit‑based insurance scores as one of the factors when underwriting and setting premiums. While policies and rules vary by state (and some states prohibit the use of credit for homeowners pricing), in states where it is allowed, you’ll be better positioned if you pay bills on time, keep your credit balances low, avoid opening many new accounts, and regularly check your credit reports for errors. If your credit history has improved, it’s worth asking your insurer whether your premium can be reviewed or shopping around for a better rate.
Stay with the same insurer

Staying with the same insurer for several years may earn you what’s often termed “a loyalty discount”. Some companies reduce premiums by around 5 percent after 3–5 years, and up to 10 percent after 6 or more years, but this varies by state, insurer, and your individual profile. Even with a loyalty discount, your premium could still increase due to other factors such as inflation, rising replacement costs, or changes in your risk profile. Simply staying with a company doesn’t guarantee the best price, so it’s wise to periodically compare quotes and review your coverage to ensure your rate remains competitive.
Review the limits in your policy and the value of your possessions at least once a year

Review the limits in your policy and the value of your possessions at least once a year. Make sure your coverage reflects any major purchases, home improvements, or additions to your collection. For high-value items such as jewelry, art, or electronics, you may need a floater or scheduled endorsement to ensure full protection. Conversely, if an item has depreciated and no longer needs the extra coverage, you can reduce or remove it to avoid paying for insurance you don’t need. Check your policy’s valuation method (replacement cost vs. actual cash value) to understand how much you are covered for and consider professional appraisals for very valuable items.
Look for private insurance if you are in a government plan

If you live in a high-risk area, such as one prone to hurricanes, wildfires, floods, or high crime, you may currently rely on a government-backed insurance program because private insurers may limit coverage or charge very high premiums. It’s still worthwhile to explore private market options by contacting an insurance professional or your state department of insurance to see if competitive coverage is available. In some cases, homeowners who take mitigation steps—such as installing storm shutters, reinforcing roofs, creating wildfire-defensible landscaping, or meeting FORTIFIED home standards—may qualify for private market coverage at a lower premium than the government plan.

Keep in mind, however, that government programs vary by peril: for example, the National Flood ��Ӱҵ Program (NFIP) or state-backed wind pools may remain the primary option in coastal or flood-prone areas if private coverage is unavailable or prohibitively expensive. Private market availability is limited in some regions, and insurers may require specific mitigation measures, inspections, or upgraded systems before offering coverage or premium reductions. Understanding these nuances can help you determine whether private insurance is a viable and cost-effective option for your home.
When you’re buying a home, consider the cost of homeowners insurance

When buying a home, consider the cost of homeowners insurance as part of your decision. Homes near fire hydrants or in communities with professional fire departments may cost less to insure. Newer electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems, as well as construction built to modern building codes or mitigation standards like FORTIFIED Home™, can reduce insurance risk and may even qualify for premium discounts. Insurers also consider factors such as roof type and slope, the number of bathrooms, the overall size of the home, building materials, and the presence of fire or security systems.

Check the CLUE (Comprehensive Loss Underwriting Exchange) report for the property to review its insurance claim history. A CLUE report lists past insurance claims on the home, such as fire, water damage, or theft, and can help you identify potential problems or understand how claims history might affect your premiums.

Remember that standard homeowners policies typically do not cover flood or earthquake damage. If your home is in a flood-prone area, you’ll need a separate flood insurance policy, which can vary widely in cost. Similarly, earthquake coverage is available separately in most states, such as through the California Earthquake Authority, with premiums depending on local seismic risk and home characteristics. Considering all these factors and speaking with an insurance professional can help you make a more informed purchase and potentially lower your insurance costs.

If you have questions about insurance for any of your possessions, be sure to ask your agent or company representative when you're shopping around for a policy. For example, if you run a business out of your home, be sure to discuss coverage for that business. Most homeowners policies cover business equipment in the home, but only up to $2,500 and they offer no business liability insurance. Although you want to lower your homeowners insurance cost, you also want to make certain you have all the coverage you need.

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What determines the price of an auto insurance policy?

Chris Bartlett — Tue, 10 Mar 2009 15:28:11 +0000

Many factors help determine the cost of car insurance

The amount you will pay for auto insurance is impacted by a number of very different factors—from the type of coverage you have to your driving record to where you park your car. While not all companies use the same parameters, here's a list of what commonly determines the bottom line on your auto policy.

Your driving record – The better your record, the lower your premium. If you have had at-fault accidents or serious traffic violations, it is likely you will pay more than if you have a clean driving record. You may also pay more if you are a new driver without an insurance track record.
How much you use your car – The more miles you drive, the more chance for accidents so you will pay more if you drive your car for work, or use it to commute long distances. If you drive only occasionally—what some companies call “pleasure use"—you most likely will pay less.
Location, location, location – Due to higher rates of vandalism, theft and accidents, urban drivers typically pay a higher auto insurance price than those in small towns or rural areas. Where you park your car (on the street or in a secure garage) and anti-theft features may impact the bottom line as well. Auto insurers factor rates down to the ZIP code level, but this is prohibited in California and Michigan.

Other factors that affect premium price that can vary from by location are: volume of litigated accident claims, repair costs, prevalence of auto insurance fraud and severe weather events.

Your age – In general, mature drivers have fewer accidents than less experienced drivers, particularly teenagers. Insurers generally charge more if teenagers or young adults below age 25 drive your car. Age is prohibited as a rating factor in Hawaii and Massachusetts.
Your gender – Statistically, women tend to get into fewer accidents, have fewer driver-under-the-influence accidents (DUIs) and—most importantly—have less serious accidents than men. So, with all rating factors being equal, women often pay less on average for auto insurance than their male counterparts. Gender is prohibited as a rating factor in California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, North Carolina and Pennsylvania.
The vehicle you drive – The value of your vehicle is a major factor in the cost to insure it. Other variables include the likelihood of theft, the cost of repairs, its engine size and the overall safety record of the car. Vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems might qualify for premium discounts.

Insurers not only look at how safe a particular vehicle is to drive and how well it protects occupants, but also how much potential damage it can inflict on another vehicle. If a specific vehicle model has a higher chance of inflicting damage when in an accident, an insurer may charge more for liability insurance.

Your credit – Similar to your credit score, your credit-based insurance score is a statistical tool that predicts the likelihood of your filing a claim and the likely cost of that claim.
Type and amount of auto insurance coverage – The limits on your basic auto insurance, the amount of your deductible, and the types and amounts of policy options (such as collision and comprehensive) that are prudent for you to have all affect how much you will pay for coverage.
NEVER race or religion – It is illegal to use race or religion to set insurance rates.

Next steps: Learn how to save money on your auto insurance premiums.

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III

Auto insurance basics—understanding your coverage

Mandatory coverage

Frequently required coverage

Optional coverages

Gap insurance

Who is covered—and when?

Facts + Statistics: Auto theft

Key Facts

Motor Vehicle Theft

Motor Vehicle Theft, 2020-2024 (1)

Top 10 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas By Motor Vehicle Theft Rate, 2022

Top 10 States With The Most Number Of Motor Vehicle Thefts, 2022-2023 (1)

Motor Vehicle Thefts By State, 2024 (1)

Motorcycle Thefts, 2022

Most stolen vehicles

Top 10 Most Frequently Stolen Vehicles, 2023

Resources

Facts + Statistics: Wildfires

Key Facts

Annual Number of Acres Burned in Wildland Fires, 1980-2024

annual_number_of_acres_burned_in_wildfires_1980-2024.jpg

Wildfires By State, 2024

Homes At Risk For Extreme Wildfires, By State, 2025

Top 10 States For Wildfires Ranked By Number Of Fires And By Number Of Acres Burned, 2024

Top 10 Costliest Wildland Fires In The United States (1)

Top 10 Largest California Wildfires (1)

Top 10 Most Destructive California Wildfires (1)

Top 10 Deadliest California Wildfires (1)

Facts + Statistics: Uninsured motorists

Estimated Percentage Of Uninsured Motorists, 2017-2023 (1)

Top 10 Highest And Lowest States By Estimated Percentage Of Uninsured Motorists, 2023 (1)

Estimated Percentage of Uninsured Motorists by State, 2023 (1)

Automobile Financial Responsibility Limits By State

Facts + Statistics: Tornadoes and thunderstorms

Convective storms

Tornadoes

The Fujita Scale For Tornadoes

Top 10 Costliest U.S. Catastrophes Involving Tornadoes (1)

Top 10 States, By Number Of Tornadoes, 2025 (1)

Tornadoes And Related Deaths By State, 2025 (1)

Tornadoes And Related Deaths In The United States, 2006-2025 (1)

U.S. Tornado Count, 2025

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Facts + Statistics: Homeowners and renters insurance

Homeowners insurance premiums

Home inventories

Causes of homeowners insurance losses

Homeowners ����Ӱҵ Losses, 2019-2023 (1)

Homeowners ����Ӱҵ Losses By Cause, 2019-2023 (1)

Average Homeowners Losses, 2019-2023 (1)

Homeowners ����Ӱҵ Non-Catastrophe Fire Losses, Severity And Frequency, 2020-2024 (1)

Consumer prices

Consumer Price Indices For ����Ӱҵ And Related Items And Annual Rates Of Change, 2015-2024 (Cont'd)

Premiums for homeowners and renters insurance

Average Premiums For Homeowners And Renters ����Ӱҵ, 2013-2022 (1)

Average Premiums For Homeowners And Renters ����Ӱҵ By State, 2022 (1)

Top 10 Most Expensive And Least Expensive States For Homeowners ����Ӱҵ Premiums, 2022 (1)

Top 10 Writers Of Homeowners ����Ӱҵ By Direct Premiums Written, 2024

Homeowners ����Ӱҵ Industry Underwriting Expenses, 2024 (1)

Home injuries

Unintentional Home Deaths And Injuries, 2023

High-risk markets

����Ӱҵ Provided By FAIR Plans, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 (1)

����Ӱҵ Provided By Fair Plans By State, Fiscal Year 2024 (1)

Renters and homeowners demographics

Percent Of Occupied Housing Units That Are Owner Occupied, 2024

Percent Of Mortgaged Owners Occupied Units Spending 30 Percent Or More Of Their Income On Monthly Owner Costs, 2024

Percent Of Renter Occupied Units Spending 30 Percent Or More Of Their Income On Rent And Utilities, 2024

Homeowners ����Ӱҵ Affordability

Average Homeowners ����Ӱҵ Expenditures As A Percent of Median Household Income, 2021 (1)

Facts + Statistics: Auto insurance

Costs and expenditures

Average Expenditures for Auto ����Ӱҵ, 2013-2022

Auto insurance expenditures, by state

Top 10 Most Expensive And Least Expensive States For Auto ����Ӱҵ, 2022 (1)

Auto ����Ӱҵ Affordability

Average Auto ����Ӱҵ Expenditures As A Percent of Median Household Income, 2021 (1)

Premiums

Private Passenger Automobile ����Ӱҵ, 2015-2024

Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Losses, 2019-2023 (1)

Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Losses By Cause, 2019-2023 (1)

Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Non-Catastrophe Fire Losses, Severity And Frequency, 2020-2024 (1)

Consumer Price Indices For ��Ӱҵ And Related Items And Annual Rates Of Change, 2015-2024 (Cont'd)

Average Premiums For Homeowners And Renters ��Ӱҵ, 2013-2022 (1)

Average Premiums For Homeowners And Renters ��Ӱҵ By State, 2022 (1)

Top 10 Most Expensive And Least Expensive States For Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Premiums, 2022 (1)

Top 10 Writers Of Homeowners ��Ӱҵ By Direct Premiums Written, 2024

Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Industry Underwriting Expenses, 2024 (1)

��Ӱҵ Provided By FAIR Plans, Fiscal Years 2015-2024 (1)

��Ӱҵ Provided By Fair Plans By State, Fiscal Year 2024 (1)

Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Affordability

Average Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Expenditures As A Percent of Median Household Income, 2021 (1)

Average Expenditures for Auto ��Ӱҵ, 2013-2022

Top 10 Most Expensive And Least Expensive States For Auto ��Ӱҵ, 2022 (1)

Auto ��Ӱҵ Affordability

Average Auto ��Ӱҵ Expenditures As A Percent of Median Household Income, 2021 (1)

Private Passenger Automobile ��Ӱҵ, 2015-2024

Top 10 Writers Of Private Passenger Auto ��Ӱҵ By Direct Premiums Written, 2024

Private Passenger Auto ��Ӱҵ Losses, 2015-2024 (1)

Incurred Losses for Auto ��Ӱҵ, 2020-2024 (1)

Passenger Vehicle Collision Coverage ��Ӱҵ Losses, 2022-2024 Model Years

Consumer Price Indices For ��Ӱҵ And Related Items And Annual Rates Of Change, 2016-2025

Consumer Price Indices For ��Ӱҵ And Related Items And Annual Rates Of Change, 2016-2025 (Cont'd)

Consumer Price Indices For ��Ӱҵ And Related Items And Annual Rates Of Change, 2015-2024 (Cont'd)

12 Ways to Lower Your Homeowners ��Ӱҵ Costs